Bullying Is A Real Problem - 1065 Words

Bullying In this paper I will be talking about how bullying is a real problem in our world and in our schools today. There are so many ways of bullying now a days. Now that there is new technology people can use cyberbullying because they can say whatever they want, but they don t have to say it too there faces. They can just go online and use their words to hurt people. people. Then, there is the old school bullying like you see in the movies. The victim that is getting bullied is two afraid to speak up. If they do speak up, then the bullying might be take the problem out of school and into cyber bullying. The issue is that bullying is a happening problem and it needs to be stopped. There is a solution for this and the solution is that we need to crack down on cyberbullying, bullying in schools, and anywhere so it can stop. The issue were are looking at now is bullying. 1The definition of bullying is unwanted aggression from one person to another and it is repeated causes problems. An example of these problems would be self-harm. There are many ways of bullying. There is the type of bullying where one kid or a group of kids physically harass another person to a point where it cause problems. There is also cyber bullying. This is where anyone can get on the internet or any social media and say thing to other people. They don’t say these things to their face. 4The Harford County Examiner reported more than 1 in 3 students have threats given to them online. 4They alsoShow MoreRelatedBullying Is An Unwanted Of Bullying Essay988 Words   |  4 Pages1 3. Research Problem 2 4. Research questions and objectives 2 5. Conclusion 2 Terms and Definitions 2 References 2 1. Overview 1.1. Introduction Bullying is an unwanted, aggressive behaviour among same peers that involves a real or perceived power imbalances. The purpose of bullying is to hurt others, either verbally or physically. There are different types of bullying, physical bullying, verbal bullying, physical bullying and social bullying. Physical bullying involves hittingRead MoreIs Bullying A Serious Problem?1683 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the Problem Bullying has been an ongoing problem all over the world for as long as people can remember. Bullying by definition is, to use superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Bullying is a very serious problem, victims of bullying are more prone to depression. Bullying does not affect just one group, it can happen to anyone making it a prevalent threat to all of society. Approximately 160,000 teens skip school everyRead MoreBullying and the Internet Technology is and will be constantly changing, because of this cyber1500 Words   |  6 PagesBullying and the Internet Technology is and will be constantly changing, because of this cyber bullying is becoming more of a problem. Some advances in technology like being able to have x-rays, MRI’s have had a positive affect, while others like the cell phone, and social media have not. In about the last 25 years bullying has evolved from being picked on at school to being harassed through things like text messaging, social media, and email. In the past, bullying could happen anywhere like onRead MoreCyber-Bullying Has Been A Problem For A Very Long Period.1152 Words   |  5 PagesCyber-bullying has been a problem for a very long period. Due to the growth of our recent technology, cyber-bullying has become one of the most challenging issues in our society. Since cyber-bullying problems are more likely to happen at social gathering, schools, and even mobile phones; Professors, principals, teachers and parents are accountable to observe, reprove and possibly avoid cyber-bullying. The anticipations of most parents of the school, is security. Meanwhile, many employees feel reluctantRead MoreBullying Effects900 Words   |  4 PagesCauses and Effects of Bullying Every year, approximately 7 percent of students report to being bullied (â€Å"Physical†). Most people know bullying is wrong, but it continues to play a dominating role in the lives of adolescents. Whether the bullying was done by spreading rumors, calling someone names or through the Internet, there are many different causes of bullying, why it occurs, and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. VictimsRead MoreBullying Is Unwanted, Aggressive Behavior Among School Aged Children1122 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Topic Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. It can also be defined as repeated use of aggression by one or more people against another person or group. (2) Bullies might abuse their victims verbally, physically, mentally, or psychologically. Bullying may involve name-calling, pushing or hitting, racial comments, or preventing someone from joining a social group, There are three main types of bullying, in additionRead MoreBullying Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesBullying mentally and physically affects peoples well being. This abuse occurs not only in schools around us, but also worldwide. Bullying is a problem, and people need to figure out ways to solve it. There are a lot of different types of bullying: such as, cyber, verbal, social, and physical. Every year nearly 48% of students are bullied. Bullying itself cannot be resolved, but there are ways to help prevent it from happening. High School bullying is very common, and causes a lot of conflictsRead MoreBullying Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesbullying has created lots of problems in school and outside of schools in society today. Picking on someone could very well change someone behavior. Bullying can ruin people lives if they are teased often. Younger and older kids in school are fatally injured, which needs to be taken care of before it starts and get out of hand. Bullying in first grade or going into middle school. Television violence, families in poverty, mis-teachings, music, and pictures have influence younger and older people,Read MoreUse Of Factual Primary Sources For Bullying And What I Learned From It999 Words   |  4 Pages For many years bullying has seemed to become a norm for people from all backgrounds and lifestyles within society. The unique thing about bullying is that at times it may occur amongst people that are closest to the victims. Such as, family members, friends, co-workers, or from other known and sometimes unknown assailants. There is no definitive way to pinpoint what makes bullying occur or how it will affect an individual. Because everyone has different tolerance levels and may find alternateRead MoreBullying Is A Growing Problem1000 Words   |  4 PagesBullying in schools has become an increasing problem in American society. Bullying is the repetitive, aggressive behavior from one person to another. This can include leaving someone out intentionally, spreading rumors, assaulting a person physically and verbally, and threatening someone. Bullying can be executed in many different ways: online, physically, and verbally. The article, â€Å"Bullying in Schools: An Overview†, states, â€Å"According to John A. Calhoun, president and CEO of the National Crime

Protestant Reformation Essay - 1711 Words

Have you aver questioned authority or superior forces than yourself? Martin Luther and John Calvin, two famous theologians deeply questioned their times authority, the Catholic Church. These two had created a new way of thinking and voicing it out, especially when it comes to religion. Questioning the Catholic Church and the works that came with that made both of them landmark points in the world’s history but the question relies on why they attacked the fundamental principles of the church. The strong opposition to selling indulgences and that anyone could make its way to heaven if they had the right amount of money was what ignited the reformation, including Martin Luther 95 theses against indulgences. Later on came John Calvin’s work†¦show more content†¦Lutheranism was the first branch that appeared. When Martin Luther posted the 95 theses on the Church’s doors, he expected an obvious opposition by the leaders and authorities. When Luther’s id eas started spreading the Church asked him to remove all of his works and let his projects down. Instead â€Å" he developed even more radical and new doctrines.† (Ellis and Esler 63) One of the key factors to the spread of his ideas was the existence Gutenberg’s’ invention, the printing press. It made it possible to print a large amount of copies of the 95 theses. Among his ideas, he stated that salvation could be achieved through faith and faith alone, compared to Catholicism and Calvinism. Martin also said that at the head’s church should be an elected council. Calvinism was also a source of inspiration to all of the peasants that believed that this rule has been brain washing them and in favor of the richest. It ignited revolts all over Europe and results in socio-economic changes; these were mainly present through out Germany. One of the points Luther stressed is that all Christians should have the same and equal access to religion and God. This was an immense attack to the principles of the Catholic Church. What was making the Catholic Church’s head so influent and imposing was being attacked, those times people not accessing accurate information made it possible for the authorities to remain. However, with these newShow MoreRelated The Protestant Reformation Essay633 Words   |  3 Pages During the Reformation period, there were a few individuals whose ideas had a great impact on society. Two of these people are Martin Luther and Desiderius Erasmus. While they shared similar ideas about what religion should be, there were also ways in which they differed. Martin Luther was an extremely intelligent man, who gave up law school to become a monk. He created some turmoil in the Catholic Church community with some of his ideas on what religion should be. Using the printing press asRead More The Protestant Reformation Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pages The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The Reformation in western and central Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. This was a debate over the Christian religion. At the time there was a difference in power. Roman Catholicism stands with the Pope as central and appointed by God. Luther’s arguments referred to a direct relationship with God and usingRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe Protestant Reformation during the sixteenth century established a schism between Christian beliefs that lead to the emergence of divergent interpretations of the Bible. Through this transformation the Papacy was prosecuted for its unrelenting and restricted renditions of the gospel that was seen to oppress the populace and corrupt the true meaning of God’s Word. Though there were individuals such as Desiderius Erasmus who greatly criticized the Catholic Church yet remained loyal there were othersRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe Protestant Reformation Throughout the Middle Ages the Catholic Church was subject to much criticism and disappointment. The Great Schism brought about a feeling of mistrust and separation. More and more people of Europe were beginning to lose their faith in the churchs leadership. One man by the name of Martin Luther ignited a group of people who believed that the Church had fallen away from the teachings of Jesus and their meanings. They also believed that the Church was overly obsessedRead More Protestant Reformation Essay804 Words   |  4 Pages PROTESTANT REFORMATION: A MENTOR TO CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When we talk about Protestant Reformation, what usually comes to our mind is a movement that brought about negative effects not just in Europe but also in the whole Catholic Church, which are still being felt and experienced even today. Although it may be true that the Protestant Reformation had been one of the causes of the gradual decline of the Catholic Church during the 16th century, it also brought aboutRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Protestant Reformation. This paper will discuss Lutheran Reformation, The Anabaptist, and The English Puritans as well as the Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation. It is the hope that after the reader has had the opportunity to view each of the characteristics and the expressions of each of the reformation the reader will have a better understanding of each and will be able to articulate the differences of each. The Protestant Reformation called the Protestant RevoltRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesit, the Protestant Reformation did not happen overnight. Catholics had begun to lose faith in the once infallible Church ever since the Great Schism, when there were two popes, each declaring that the other was the antichrist. Two things in particular can be identified as the final catalyst: a new philosophy and simple disgust. The expanding influence of humanism and the corruption of the Catholic Church led to the Protestant Reformation, which in turn launched the Catholic Reformation and religiousRead More The Protestant Reformation Essay1839 Words   |  8 PagesThe Protestant Reformation Introduction The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century is one of the most complex movements in European history since the fall of the Roman Empire. The Reformation truly ends the Middle Ages and begins a new era in the history of Western Civilization. The Reformation ended the religious unity of Europe and ushered in 150 years of religious warfare. By the time the conflicts had ended, the political and social geography in the west had fundamentally changedRead More The Protestant Reformation Essays3075 Words   |  13 Pagesand wealth to his court and the aristocrats who were loyal to him. The Act of Supremacy was finalized in 1534, but England became just as bigoted of other faiths as Rome had been to Lutheranism. Over the years, the Church of England became more Protestant during Henrys reign and through the reign of King Edward VI, Henrys son. Though Edward did not rule for very long, the Church of England grew to prefer Luthers Justification by Faith, removed veneration and kept only baptism and communion. MassRead MoreProtestant Reformation of Christianity Essay899 Words   |  4 Pagesso-called Protestant Reformation was the split within western Christian Church initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestants. Calls for reform came form all sectors of the European society and it is this dissatisfaction that explains why the ideas of Martin Luther evoked such extreme responses, there was already a ready audience. Although there had been significant attempts at reform before Luther, the date usually given for the start of the Protestant Reformation is 1517, when

Human Resource Journal

Question: What is Human resources management? Explain. Answer: Reflective journal Human resources management is the significant function that manages the resources of the organization. The operation is designed to increase the performance level of the employee. The study of human resources fascinated me because seldom people acknowledge the significance of human resources in a company. Human resources management of Australian organizations involves the aspect of constructing workforce to accelerate the performance level of the institution (Brewster and Mayrhofer 2012). The course that I attended inculcated strong interpretation on employment policies and regulation and the recruitment activities. The organization I am working with frequently confronts the problem retaining the employees for a longer time. According to the survey conducted on the organization, the company exempted 58 percentile of employee left their job voluntarily and only 20 percentile of employee. To resolve this issue I as a human resources manager of the organization suggested an improvised p lan for recruitment. The organization followed traditional method of hiring that is not relevant to access the knowledge and skills of the employee and as a result, they end up hiring unsuitable candidates. I attended a lecture on organizational restructure that guided me to understand that an organization is dependent on the performances of the employee. In the meeting, I proposed my recommendation with the help of presentation. Some of the board members thought that the procedure was time consuming and many accepted that the change was necessary. We all argued and talked about the matter and at the end of the meeting; I understood the vitality of meetings in an organization. The discussions that took place helped me to understand the effectiveness of internal communication activities of the enterprise. Human resources management of an organization ponders on the decisions related to the operational and technical fields (Warner 2013). I understood the importance of strategic decisi on making in an organization when our organization suffered a financial loss while manufacture procedure of a new product failed to meet its fulfillment. The company suffered a huge loss. Nevertheless, as a human resources a manager I made propositions to manage the financial loss by cutting off miscellaneous spending and holding down increments of the employees. It was a tough decision to take in my part because increment is right of the hardworking employees. We discussed the matter over a board meeting and the decision had to be taken as the company was running on loss. Strategic decision making is important in organizations as it keeps on check the growth of the organization and the welfare of the employees. My decision as the human resources manager may have opposed a deserving from getting his increment however it helped the company to retain employees rather than exempting them for the loss. While working with an organization Australians like a stress free workplace environme nt. My role as a human resources manager is to provide the employees a working environment that is stress free and motivating so that they can thrive. I arranged for training and skill enhancement programs for the employees so that they can perform better. This way equilibrium of quality is maintained in an organization. An organization needs to have proper guidelines and protection laws for the employees (Varma and Budhwar 2013). It is the duty of the human resources manager to act according to that legal structure while recruiting employees. Gender discrimination is a heinous crime (O'Riordan 2014). According to ADA, not hiring younger employee presuming that they will move on to quickly is against the law. In the course I attended, the lecturer told us about the significance of legal context in resources management. The course briefly discussed about the necessity of legislative framework of an institution as it provides integrity and rectitude depending on which the organization can claim its position in the business world. I understood that it is important to provide employees fair and equal right to work. According to Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014, there are sex discrimination act, racial discrimination act and human right discrimination act are the legal stature that an organization have to follow. Reflective journal Recruitment and selection procedure is a set of significant decision that the human resources department of an organization has to take for the growth and establishment of the organization (Taylor 2014). Attending the courses marketing management course truly helped me to understand how selection and recruitment procedure takes place in an organization. According to Shackleton 2015, human resources department should be supportive and supply necessary assistance to the organization by hiring capable and competent candidate. While studying MBA is came to know that first step of hiring involves sourcing candidates. Applications from suitable are accumulated. We advertise about our job opening in local newspapers and websites so that we can get in touch with the potent candidates. Social networks, trading association and career sites can be reliable places where advertisements can be posted. Once we were urgently searching some potential candidates for the role of technical support. We d id not get so much of response from publishing advertisement in newspapers. The department of human resources took a decision to advertise their news in social networking sites and career related sites. The idea worked and we got many candidates who were willing to work with our organization. Tracking or ATS is also a necessary phase where we review the resumes of the candidates and choose them according to the vacancy available in the organization (Kundu Rattan, Sheera and Gahlawat 2015). According to Harvey and Allard 2015, there is lot of determinable factors that affects the hiring decision. We once had an issue in our organization about hiring a candidate. The candidate had great background in marketing but was not good at accounting. That is why the human resources team thought of comprising the candidate, as he did not fulfill the criteria of the organization. The course assisted me to realize that assessing the candidate with interview procedure is important. In our organiza tion, we have three steps hiring process. First we take an assessment test, the assessment test is important to discern the capability of the employees. Recruitment is the procedure through which an organization determines whether the candidate is suitable for the post or not. Earlier our organization did not have training sessions but inexperienced candidates faced problems understanding their responsibilities and duties that they have to perform. That is why as a human resources manager I recommended that the organization should have training sessions for the new entrants and where they should be trained by the trainers who will brief them about their role and organizational goals. In the meeting, the members argued that training sessions are time consuming and it also means investment of lot of money. But the department of human resources assured them that training will increase the performance level of the employees and help them to work more efficiently. The marketing course th at I attended helped me greatly to acknowledge the role and power of the human resources in the organization. The course delineated that training is a significant part of recruitment because every organization is different. Selecting a suitable candidate and providing them, proper training is necessary. Understanding the vitality of workforce diversity is the primary responsibility of the human resources. There are predominant diversity affairs that were always present in the workplace. Gender inequality is one of them. While studying management, the lecturer gave us lectures on different workforce related issues that human resources management confronts in an organization. Australia is a multi cultural country and it is not unusual that the organizations of Australia also supports cross-cultural workforce. The personnel policy from recruiting to promotions and increments are based on the performances of the employee. While working, I understood that providing equal rights to every employee is important. To avoid gender, age and religion based discriminatory issues; I encouraged the organization to divide the workforce in teams so that each of them can work together for the betterment of the organization. Earlier promotion was given to the candidates who are associated for with the organization for longer time. This practice raised many questions, as the approach was not justified to assess the capability of an employee. I appealed to the board members of the organization that the promotion should be given to the candidate who has been able to impress the organization with his or her performance level. The organization that I work in follows traditional values. At first, they negotiated with me about my perspective but finally with the help of my department I was able to persuade them to change their age-old notion. The course that I attended really assisted me to evaluate and analyze the environment of an organization and make necessary strategic implementati on to upgrade the performance of the organization. Reflective journal Human resources management comprises of work force planning and developmental planning related to organization (McCarthy et al. 2013). In my course, I was illuminated about the ethical value that this management requires since it deals with human issues. It is essential for an organization to have proper ethical rules and regulations that will solve the human issues. Employees are valuable assets of the organization. It is the duty of the human resources management to protect their rights and establish their well-being (Cahill et al. 2015). Issues like discrimination, unfair employment and sexual harassment can ruin company reputation. Giving credits and appraisals to the employees can also provide views whether the organizations have ethical values or not. While working with the organization, I got the opportunity to practically implement my learning and provide the organization with necessary ideas that helped me to improvise the ethical values that structure the human resources de partment of the organization. I guided the organization that employees should be informed about the codes of ethics in their training sessions. I also guided the department of human resources that if supervisors or managers are chosen as a trainer, then they need to have proper knowledge in ethical values of the organization so that they can guide the employees properly. This way they will be aware about their rights and restrictions in the organization. Mentoring and guiding the employees through interaction is the best way to avoid workplace conflicts (Phillips 2013). Human resources management studies guided me not to violate my position by using the power of the position for personal or financial gain. In the past, our organization has faced problems, as the confidential information of the organization was once comprised. It is the responsibility of the department of the human resources management to safeguard confidential data of the enterprise. As per Aswathappa 2013, assistin g the organization towards its goal is the most important duty of the human resources department. I thoroughly believe that quality and productivity of the organization depends on the coordinating and motivating the staffs. To increase productivity, I suggested that the company should set targets for the employees and at the end of the month based on their performance levels appraisal will be presented. Human resources department is an important part of an organization. That is why it is important that the human resources executives are educated and properly trained. As a human resources manager, I believe in choosing my staffs wisely. I think assessing the cultural activities of the organization and implementing strategy to improve the skills of the employee for better productivity is important. While recruiting, the organization can embrace more proactive perspective (Knowles, Holton III and Swanson 2014). Job analysis need to be done to collect information about the job profile o f the employee. I recommended my organization that basic skills and capacity of an employee should be assessed. Training programs should be set based on that assessment (Ulrich 2013). In theories, I studied that labor relation is an indispensable part in assessing organizational behavior. The employee should always have the assurance that their jobs are secured. Unionization should not be supported because our organization once confronted problems associated with a union that is why I proposed that company should have guidelines to protect their cause. The guidance that I received from my course really helped me to improvise the strategies of the organizations I am working with right now. References: Aswathappa, K., 2013.Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Brewster, C. and Mayrhofer, W. eds., 2012.Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cahill, K.E., McNamara, T.K., Pitt-Catsouphes, M. and Valcour, M., 2015. Linking shifts in the national economy with changes in job satisfaction, employee engagement and worklife balance.Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics,56, pp.40-54. Harvey, C.P. and Allard, M., 2015.Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Knowles, M.S., Holton III, E.F. and Swanson, R.A., 2014.The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Kundu, S.C., Rattan, D., Sheera, V.P. and Gahlawat, N., 2015. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION TECHNIQUES USED IN CORPORATE SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN AND MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES.Journal of Organisation Human Behaviour,4(4). McCarthy, A., Cleveland, J.N., Hunter, S., Darcy, C. and Grady, G., 2013. Employee worklife balance outcomes in Ireland: a multilevel investigation of supervisory support and perceived organizational support.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(6), pp.1257-1276. O'Riordan, T., 2014.Environmental science for environmental management. Routledge. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Shackleton, V., 2015. Recruitment and selection.Elements of Applied Psychology, p.153. Taylor, S., 2014. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION.Strategic Human Resource Management: An International Perspective, p.139. Ulrich, D., 2013.Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Varma, A. and Budhwar, P.S., 2013.Managing human resources in Asia-Pacific(Vol. 20). Routledge. Warner, M., 2013.Human Resource Management with Chinese Characteristics: Facing the Challanges of Globalization. Routledge.

Sherman Alexie’s Short Stories Essay Example

Sherman Alexie’s Short Stories Paper In Sherman Alexie’s short stories â€Å"This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona†, and â€Å"Indian Education† Alexie uses action and dialogue to show the struggles of an Indian culture in a white mans world, putting the theme of race and social justice in a dilemma. Alexie uses dialogue in the short story â€Å"This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona†, to illustrate an ill-funded Indian reservation. After Victor had found out that his father had passed away Victor needed money to retrieve his father remains, realizing that, â€Å"[The only people that] have money on a reservation, [are] the cigarette and fireworks salespeople. People in the reservation truly don’t have money but for the few that sell cigarettes and fireworks, even the Tribal Council, â€Å"[Has] a difficult time financially†, only being able to provide Victor with a hundred dollars for the retrievel of his fathers remains. Alexie also uses action in the short story â€Å"Indian Education† to give a sense of predigest against the Indian race. While in the second grade Alexies teacher makes him take a separate spelling test designed for junior high students, and when he proved to her that he could spell the words correctly she made him eat the test. We will write a custom essay sample on Sherman Alexie’s Short Stories specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sherman Alexie’s Short Stories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sherman Alexie’s Short Stories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The predigest missionary teacher wanted Alexie to feel inadequate by giving him a harder test, even though he passed, the teacher was in such rage that he did not fail she made him eat the test. The missionary teacher has no respect for Alexie by calling him an, â€Å"indian, indian, indian† with no capitalization, giving no sing of respect for his background. Sherman Alexie’s short stories tell the stories of Indians in a racial and social injustice world.

The Impact of Social Media on Political Leaders

The Impact of Social Media on Political Leaders Introduction Since the start of the internet boom, in the early nineties, there has been a significant growth in the number of networked people. In fact, the number of networked people has increased from a few million people, in the early nineties, to a few billion people in the 2000s.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Social Media on Political Leaders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A formidable force that has increased the number of people who are online is the growth of social media. Indeed, social media has attracted many actors in the political sphere (including nongovernmental organizations, regular citizens, and even governments). This development raises important questions for different governments because it makes them think of how such online developments affect their state interests, and how they can position their foreign policies to benefit from such developments. As the telecommunication la ndscape becomes sophisticated and concentrated, people are enjoying more access to information and better ways of airing their grievances. As seen from recent developments in the Middle East, social media has prompted politicians to change their strategies to take advantage of this new communication landscape. For example, in Vanilla, social media increased the pressure on politicians to avoid loosely coordinated politics and adopt a more effective approach for communicating their strategies and actions, for the betterment of their people. In other parts of the world, social media has led to government changes and democratic reforms. People have also used social media to express dissatisfaction with poor governance, as a demand for better leadership. Such was the case in the Philippines when parliament impeached President Joseph Estrada. Initially, during his hearing, the Philippine congress ruled that the government would not present crucial evidence against the impeached president .Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, a few hours after this declaration, there was widespread public outcry from Filipinos, who later took to the streets, demanding that the government present the evidence against the president. Using social media, political activists mobilized Filipinos to go to the streets and demand for unbiased trials. Concisely, the citizens feared that their corrupt president would find his way back to power. Therefore, through several text messages written, â€Å"Go to EDSA,† millions of Filipinos thronged the streets of Manila in protest. Motivated by the fear of losing public support, Philippine’s congress quickly reversed their decisions and allowed for the presentation of evidence against the president. The government later found the president guilty of corruption and forced him out of office. The same script has occurred in other parts of the world. For example, Spain witnessed a social media revolution that ousted Spanish Prime Minister, Josà © Marà ­a Aznar. Aznar had earlier blamed Basque Separatist movements for organizing Spanish bombings in the country’s transit routes. Soon after the people removed him from power, the communist party of Moldova also relinquished power after massive demonstrations rocked the country, partly coordinated by social media. The party relinquished power because the citizens were dissatisfied with fraudulent elections. Besides governments and political parties, the church has also received negative attention from social media. For example, recently, there was widespread condemnation against the Catholic Church for defending child rapists, after evidence leaked to social media, regarding the widespread child rape acts in the church.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Social Media on Political Leaders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, despite the widespread success that online communication exhibits in advancing political agendas, there are many examples of the failure of social media to provide substantial political changes. For example, in March 2006, Belaru political activists used social media as a platform to organize street protests to oust President Aleksandr Lukashenko’s, amid accusations of vote rigging. These street protests first swelled, and then faltered soon afterwards. This protest angered the President and increased his determination to control the spread of social media in his country. The same social media failure occurred in Iran, when protestors tried to demonstrate vote-rigging attempts by the government, which left Mir Hossein Mousavi (a presidential candidate in the 2009 Iran elections) a loser in the elections. The government embarked on a violent crackdown that soon led to the end of the revolt. The same outcome oc curred in Thailand when technologically savvy street protesters crowded the streets of Thailand to demand for political reforms, but soon after the government launched a violent crackdown on the protestors (killing dozens of people), the protests ended. From the above outcomes, it is difficult to predict the outcome of social media reforms. Therefore, it is equally difficult to predict the impact of social media on the actions of political leaders. However, the unpredictable response by political leaders towards social media movements surface from the above illustrations. Clearly, some leaders respond positively to these movements, while others violently oppose them. This paper, seeks to investigate the impact of social media on political leaders.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Objectives To investigate how online communication determines the way political leaders interact with their supporters To explore the impact of social media on introducing transparency in political leadership and governance To establish how political leaders marshal their support through social media To find out the extent that social media influence how politicians communicate with their supporters To investigate if political accountability increases through the use of social media Importance of Study Academic Importance For a long time, people perceived social media as a platform for people who do not have any significant social interaction skills to interact with other people in the real world. However, with the rapid spread of social media, it is increasingly difficult to find people who do not use social media, at least once a day. Indeed, people have adopted social media as part of their everyday life, and just as technology has found significant meaning in human li fe, online communication derives significant meaning in human interaction. Today, the scope of social media in human interaction occurs at unprecedented levels. Indeed, almost all aspects of our social interactions (whether at political, social, or economic levels), are influenced by social media, somewhat. This expanded scope of social media has prompted many researchers to investigate the impact of social media on not only economic, social, but also political levels. Economically, researchers have investigated the impact of social media on business-customer relations by exploring how businesses can better transform their operations to reflect new consumer tastes and preferences. Socially, researchers have investigated the impact of social media on human interactions by exploring how online communication redefines traditional patterns of communication. Politically, people use social media to redefine the way citizens communicate with their governments, and how citizens can better a rticulate their grievances and concerns towards their governments. Indeed, recently, researchers have used social media to explain most revolts in the Middle East. The recently ended Middle East revolt is one such event that has recreated renewed interest regarding how social media eases democratic reforms. Despite the growing interest of social media on political reforms, one area that many researchers have failed to explore is the impact of social media on the political leaders who drive these political reforms. Instead, most researchers have focused on evaluating the impact of social media on political institutions and movements. Therefore, there has been minimal interest regarding the impact of social media on political figureheads or personalities. Meanwhile, in most countries, these political leaders control political institutions and other structures of power. Indeed, it is difficult to ignore the varying personality and behavioral traits of political leaders. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of social media on political leaders and their actions. The findings of this study therefore help to build the body of knowledge regarding social media and its impact on political leaders. Professional Interest As online communication continues to transform different political systems and ways of interaction, the importance of diplomacy and Intergovernmental relations continue to gain credence in today’s global society. Considering I am an employee of the Crown Prince Court, that represents the government of Abu Dhabi, I find it crucial to highlight the importance of understanding the role of social media in political leadership, because the Crown Prince Court supports the activities of His Highness General Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who is the ruler of the Emirates. As a body given the mandate to support the private and public duties of General Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, it is similarly crucial to understand how online commu nication simplifies the President’s duties. This may happen both locally and internationally because the government of Abu Dhabi mandates the Crown Prince’s Court to support the president’s local and international duties. Therefore, through the understanding of the impact of social media on political leaders, the Abu Dhabi Crown Prince’s court can better understand how to improve the interaction/communication between the President and the citizens of United Arab Emirates (UAE). Through general correspondence, the Crown Prince Court may similarly understand how to gather information from the citizens and provide a customized solution to every concern identified. In addition, since the Crown Prince Court helps to manage the private affairs of the Crown Prince, it would be interesting to understand how the court may improve its functions using social media. This initiative would also be instrumental in creating a stronger impact for the Crown Prince’s corporate and philanthropic initiatives on the citizens. To this extent, the understanding of social media and its impact on political leaders create significant professional interest. Methodology Research Design The methodology for this report will mainly rely on the political discourse analysis method. This research methodology seeks to investigate the prevailing social systems, which lead to the creation of reality. The political discourse analysis method has widely been used in other political spheres, such as, the identification of suitable policies for the creation of practical solutions to solve social problems. In practice, people have used the political discourse analysis method to understand political systems around the world. Most of the analyses show different polarizing outcomes. For example, people have used the political discourse analysis method to understand the exchange of political views in America. This analysis has shown polarized results, where observers demon strate the polarization of Americans along republican and democratic lines. The discourse analysis method will therefore be useful in this study to describe how people talk about things, present them, and use them in their daily lives. Comprehensively, the discourse analysis method shows how these social constructs link to power relations. Through this analysis, it will be easy to understand how social constructs affect political leaders. Data Collection The main data collection method for this paper will be secondary research. The main motivation for using secondary research is its ability to provide an accurate understanding of the research problem by providing a background to the issues surrounding the research problem, and providing different insights from varied authors who have written about the research topic. Through this ability, it is also easy to see how secondary data provide the platform for comparing different views regarding the research topic. Besides these advantage s, using secondary research is also a cheaper alternative to data collection. Furthermore, the use of secondary research saves time. The secondary research sourced will provide a structured framework for the study because it defines the scope, depth, and breadth of the topic. Moreover, the use of secondary research will aid in providing a broader understanding of the research topic by incorporating other research dynamics that do not exist in the objectives of this paper. Peer reviewed journals form the main sources of secondary information for this paper. The above research sources will provide the groundwork for a meta-analysis, which will combine the findings from different data sources to form the framework for the research findings. Therefore, the meta-analysis will estimate the true â€Å"effect size† of the data collected from the secondary research sources. Comprehensively, it will be easy to achieve a systematic review of the research problem by eliminating the less- precise effect size of the research information collected from the secondary research sources. Several advantages may manifest from this meta-analysis. For instance, it will be easy to establish the diversity of the information obtained from the different types of information sources used as secondary research. Through the meta-analysis, it will be equally easy to derive the statistical testing for all the factors involved in the research process. Even though the concept of generalizing findings is a limitation of this study, the meta-analysis will help to generalize the findings of this research to different, but related contexts Data Analysis The main data analysis technique incorporated in this study is the coding technique. As an interpretive tool, the coding technique will sort and evaluate the expansive information obtained from the secondary data analysis process. Indeed, since the diversity of the secondary data chosen will present diverse information regarding the research topic, the coding technique will aid in sorting out this information and categorizing them into easily understandable data. The coding technique works by assigning different codes to related pieces of information. Comprehensively, the coding technique will therefore work by assigning codes to related information, so that it is easier to analyze related literature, as opposed to having many confusing and dynamic information sources (which are difficult to comprehend). The coding technique will therefore be beneficial in providing a structured impression of the overall findings. The member-check technique will similarly play a complementary role to the coding technique in evaluating the credibility, transferability, and accuracy of the information analyzed from the coding technique. In detail, after the categorization of data (into related subjects) by the coding technique, the member-check technique will ensure that the information sourced is factual. Indeed, the member check techniq ue works by evaluating areas of disparities between the outcomes of the data analysis process and the initial sources of information. The member check technique will therefore ensure that the data analysis process reflects the opinions, ideas, context, and attitudes of the authors. The same process will also ensure that there are no significant disparities between the sources of data obtained and the overall outcomes of the data analysis process. Literature Review Public relation is the main profession informing the process of investigating the impact of social media on political leaders. Theoretically, this topic also underlines social networking as the main foundation describing the research topic. Indeed, there are several studies, which show how online communication affects electoral processes and political systems in today’s technological world. Recent research studies investigating the impact of social media on political systems focus on the ongoing Arab spring. Mostly, researchers understand the Arab uprising through the contribution of social media in mobilizing people and aiding political reforms in Tunisia and Egypt. One paper that will be useful in this study is a study by Abdelhay (2012) titled, â€Å"The Arab uprising 2011: new media in the hands of a new generation in North Africa.† This paper sought to draw the link between information and communications technology and the Egyptian and Tunisia political uprisings. The paper also sought to investigate further the new opportunities that online communication has brought to the Arab society, in terms of their ability to speak about social ills, public governance, and newer ways of improving their lives. Abdelhay (2012) therefore describes the relationship between today’s technologically savvy generation, new media and the potential political ramifications of this transformation of the political class and public governance. A related report that concerns the Arab spring uprisings trace to a research paper by Mansour (2012), which discusses the role of social media in aiding the country’s political reforms. The paper incorporated a study that investigated the views of a few Egyptians (sampled through the snowball technique) regarding their involvement in the Egyptian revolts (through social media). This paper is useful to this study because it explains the role of social media in influencing the actions, beliefs, and attitudes of the citizens towards their governments. Indeed, through the understanding of how social media influenced Egyptian political reforms, this paper draws significant comparisons regarding how social media may influence the actions of political leaders to quell such revolts, through democracy or violent crackdowns. An article by Payton (2012) titled, â€Å"Social media and the blogosphere,† also provides a clear direction for this study because it highlights the way different audiences react to social media messages. Howeve r, Payton (2012) analyses the impact of social media on ethnic audiences by evaluating how online communication promotes social activism. Payton (2012) provides a significant understanding of how online communication affects political leaders because she shows how people react to social media and political activism, within this sphere. Therefore, through her discussion, it is easy to predict the outcome of social media on different audiences. In an article titled, â€Å"The use of the internet by political parties and candidates in Scotland during the 2010 UK general election campaign,† Baxter (2011) discusses the use of social media, by politicians, to communicate their campaign messages to the electorate. As the title suggests, Baxter (2011) sought to investigate how political parties and political personalities used social media to design their campaigns in the 2010 UK elections. To achieve this objective, Baxter (2011) analyzed 18 websites of different political parties, and the activities of 12 politicians, to understand how social media affected their political operations. From his investigation, Baxter (2011) was able to establish the high level of social media adoption by UK politicians in the recently ended 2010 elections. His paper directly relates to the subject of this report because Baxter (2011) discusses the impact of social media on political leaders. Therefore, Baxter (2011) provides a tool for comparing the findings of this study to the evidence presented in his report. Tà ¼rke (2006) explores the extent that information communications technology has changed how people interact within different political structures. He acknowledges that today’s political structures are greatly complex and dynamic. However, he says social media has presented new opportunities of interaction, which were hitherto unknown (Tà ¼rke 2006). Therefore, Tà ¼rke (2006) explores how varying social and political dynamics harmonize to present a new model of interaction between politicians and their supporters. To this extent, Tà ¼rke (2006) contributes to this research process by explaining how online communication redefines how political leaders (and their followers) interact today (using social media). This way, it is easier to understand how online communication redefines and reshapes political interactions and governance structures. A related research paper that closely resembles the analogy by Tà ¼rke (2006) is a research paper by Gadekar (2011) titled, â€Å"Web sites for e electioneering in Maharashtra and Gujarat, India. † This paper sought to understand how different political leaders (and political parties in India) used social media to communicate their political messages in the 2009 Indian elections. This paper investigated more than 30 websites run by political parties, and political leaders, to investigate how they used this online platform to mobilize support for their political objectives. The studies occurr ed in two Indian states, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Gadekar (2011) provides a significant contribution to this study because he broadly explains how politicians have used social media, in the past, to advance their political agendas. More specifically, Gadekar (2011) uses a different environment (India) to investigate how online communication works in other social environments. This way, it is easy to compare how political leaders use social media to undertake their political activities in developing and developed nations. Through a research paper titled, â€Å"The use of the Internet in the British European Parliament Election, 2009,† Jackson and Lilleker (2010) investigate the impact of Web 2.0 applications in Europe’s political processes. Mainly, both authors sought to understand how the online platform improved the interaction between political leaders and their followers. The research paper focused on understanding the political intrigues of the 2009 European parlia mentary elections by evaluating the web contents of different political leaders, plus how such online tools changed their interaction with their supporters. Jackson and Lilleker (2010) also provide an insightful analysis into how political leaders use social media to interact with their supporters. Therefore, like Gadekar (2011), it is simpler to understand how Jackson and Lilleker (2010) show the use of social media in advancing political agendas. This analysis also shows how such an insight will explain how political leaders change their strategies by adopting social media as a political tool. Comprehensively, these studies are beneficial to the understanding of how social media impact political leaders. References Abdelhay, N 2012, ‘The Arab uprising 2011: new media in the hands of a new generation in North Africa’, Aslib Proceedings, vol. 64 no. 5, pp. 529 – 539. Baxter, G 2011, ‘The use of the internet by political parties and candidates in Scotland du ring the 2010 UK general election campaign’, Aslib Proceedings, vol. 63 no. 5, pp. 464 – 483. Gadekar, R 2011, ‘Web sites for e-electioneering in Maharashtra and Gujarat, India’, Internet Research, vol. 21 no. 4, pp. 435 – 457. Jackson, N Lilleker, D 2010, ‘Tentative steps towards interaction: The use of the Internet in the British European Parliament Election 2009’, Internet Research, vol. 20 no. 5, pp. 527 – 544. Mansour, E 2012, ‘The role of social networking sites (SNSs) in the January 25th Revolution in Egypt’, Library Review, vol. 61 no. 2, pp. 128 – 159. Payton, F 2012, ‘Considering the political roles of Black talk radio and the Afrosphere in response to the Jena 6: Social media and the blogosphere’, Information Technology People, vol. 25 no. 1, pp. 81 – 102. Tà ¼rke, R 2006, ‘Towards productive and sustainable forms of interaction in governance’, Kybernetes, vol. 35 no. 1, pp. 164 – 181.

Santeria Essays

Santeria Essays Santeria Paper Santeria Paper Essay Topic: African Religions and Philosophy Santeria The Yoruba people, who were brought over from Nigeria as slaves, came to the Caribbean in the 1500’s with their own religion, which was seen as unfit by the white slave owners. Most plantation owners in the Caribbean were members of the Roman Catholic Church, so they forced their slaves to disregard their native religions and become Catholic. Soon, the slaves realized that they could still practice their West African religion as long as it was disguised as Catholicism, and Santeria was born. Now it’s practiced in the United States, Cuba, the Caribbean, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Argentina, Colombia, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Canada, Venezuela, and Panama. Based on Santeria, people are born under a guardian Orisha, or saint, that must be worshipped throughout life. Each Orisha is an aspect of one supreme god. The seven main Orishas are known as the Seven African Powers. Eleggua is the gatekeeper between life and the afterlife in heaven and is the connection between the Orishas, humans, and god. He is very powerful because without him, there would be no communication between humanity and the saints. The Catholic Saint that is associated with Eleggua is Saint Anthony, and the colors associated with him are red and black. Obatala is acknowledged as the parent of the Orishas and all of humanity, the creator of the world, and the enforcer of justice. He is linked with qualities of intelligence, harmony, compassion, and purity, so his color is white. In Catholicism, he represents the saint Our Lady of Mercy. According to legend, Obatala would consume so much palm wine while forming the bodies of babies who were going to be born, that many of them were born deformed. He was told by his spiritual guide, Olofi, that he wasn’t allowed to drink palm wine while performing his most important job. Now, any child who his born with a defect is considered to be a child of Obatala, so taunting them isn’t allowed. Yemaya is the spirit of maternity, mother of all wealth, rules over witches, and is comparable in Catholicism to the Virgin Regla. Her real name is Yey Omo Eja, or Mother of Fish, which comes from the idea that life begins in the sea, and that developing babies are like fish. Similar to the oceans and the rivers, she has mysterious depths, but at the same time she exhibits nurturing maternal qualities. Her colors are blue and white, and she is sometimes referred to the spirit of mercy because of her loyalty to her children. Oya is the gatekeeper of the cemetery and the master of the cemetery and the dead. A powerful warrior, she personifies the forces of the Nigerian River, thunder, and lightning. In animal form, she becomes a water buffalo. A shape shifter herself, she gives her children the capability to change themselves. Her colors are maroon and white, and she often rides to battle alongside her fellow Orisha, Chango. Chango is one of the most notorious Orishas and is symbolized as fire, thunder, and lightning. His is characterized as having passion, chauvinism, charm, great power, beauty, wisdom, and valor. With his sword and machete, he can construct or demolish anything he wishes. St. Barbara is the Catholic saint who is synonymous with Chango. His colors are white and red, and he is often worshipped on his days of the week, which are Friday and Saturday. Oggun represents effort and hard work. He works with no rest as an iron worker for his siblings Eleggua and Chango. This older Orisha is known for his violent rage and his threat as a potential danger. Some of the many tools he is associated with are the knife, the machete, the anvil, the pick, the chisel, the hammer, the rake, the spade, and horseshoes, all of which are kept in a black cauldron. Instead of animal sacrifice, most of his followers offer cigars, rum, toy cars and airplanes, and weapons. The final one of the main Orishas is Ochun who is similar to Venus in Greek mythology. She is the Orisha associated with romance, flirtation, seduction, love and marriage, money and fertility. Ochun is the goddess of sweet water, so many of her ceremonies are held near waterfalls or on river beds. Ochun enjoys dancing, but she also has a serious side. She is a great diviner and usually her children are exceptionally gifted with psychic talents, especially when using the sacred seashells, which are the mouths of the Orishas. When the slaves first arrived in Cuba, copper was the form of money they came in contact with, so Ochun is associated with Our Lady of the Caridad del Cobre. People who follow Santeria are known as Aborishas, and they organize themselves under the Casa de Santo. There are priests and priestesses who are referred to as babalawos, and this position is open to both men and women. However, the high priest position is only reserved for males. High priests concentrate on divination to predict the future or understand omens in a person’s life. New initiatives to the religion are put under the care of a godfather or godmother who will teach them the secrets of Santeria. Candidates receive beads that are sacred to their Orisha, and many times, they must follow strict dress codes, shave their heads, practice celibacy, or eat particular foods. Then they must be cleansed in order to be ready to receive the divine energy. This belief system is not a good versus evil philosophy, like God and the Devil. Everything is seen to have positive and negative aspects, and no action is always wrong or right. Actions can only be judged based on the circumstances under which they were committed. A lot of focus is put on striving to do good works. However, if a person commits a good act out of fear of punishment or possibility of a reward, it doesn’t count as good character. People should do the right thing simply because it is the right thing to do. There are many misconceptions involving Santeria. One movie shows a couple that practices the religion, and they sacrifice humans and eat aborted fetuses. Actually, the only living creatures that are sacrificed are animals, commonly the blood of roosters, turtles, goats, and chickens. The animals are killed in the most humane ways possible, and usually the only part that is sacrificed is the blood. Any remains are cooked and eaten by the followers. Practitioners of Santeria also do not perform black magic, which is actually forbidden. However, there is no moral code, like in Christianity, so certain spells are used by criminals for protection and good fortune. For example, Ochosi, the spirit of hunting and owner of traps, is often honored by criminals when they want to escape arrest and ward off the police. There are still ambiguities when it comes to Santeria because most of the existing knowledge comes from oral tradition. Recently some books on the subject have been published, but there are still secrets left untold to those who don’t follow the religion. Some celebrities who follow Santeria include Desi Arnaz, Jennifer Lopez, and the White Sox manager, Ozzie Guillen.

Do corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports provide shareholders Essay - 3

Do corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports provide shareholders and stakeholders with useful information on corporate soci - Essay Example This is in contrary to the normal accounting basic that has been known about debiting and crediting financials. With the current business trends, accounting as profession has shifted from just an ordinary financial profession to numerous environmental researches and an accountability when it comes to the contribution of social environmental factors. Therefore thin paper is trying to find out as to whether, Thesis: corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports provide shareholders and stakeholders with useful information on corporate social and environmental performance. Having been clarified into different segments, financial managerial and costing that are familiar to most people, must relate to the issues of finance in one way or the other. However, when it comes to corporate social responsibility, accounting would only concentrate on corporate social repotting that is considered vital to both the organization and any other stakeholders in different ways as explained in this paper (Sims, 2003). Shows accountability of democracy Corporate social reporting gives adequate clarification about the commitment to stakeholders concerning accountability, democracy and transparency. The CSR constitutes a proper clarification of social and environmental concern on factors that are never economic viable to the society as a whole as explained by divergent stakeholders theory. Besides, it gives a composer of distinct and varied number of environmental reports that clarifies about annual returns of an organization and this must be based on organizational profitability in relation to the size of the economy or regulatory environmental. Through engaging the necessary stakeholders, corporate social re

Rhetorical analysis of first writing since Essay

Rhetorical analysis of first writing since - Essay Example Such is an acknowledgement of how people should consider the problems in all other nations instead of America alone. Hence, her response is towards the terrorist attacks, which occurred in September 11, 2011. The poem by Hammad is beautiful and it provides a clear illustration of the feelings and belief she has towards terrorism. The message calls for unification of the entire world irrespective of the cultural background and taking each society as important as the other for the purpose of fighting terrorism and addressing common social issues in different nations. Analyzing the poem through Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals, pathos, ethos and logos, it is clear that Hammad had the ability of creating an appeal to the audience through the pathos. As such, the poem is directed to different cultural backgrounds (American Booksellers Association 18). The entire audience is affected by the theme of the poem since one gets a picture of the September 11, 2011 events â€Å"†¦. Sky where once was steal†¦.†. Hence, the audience makes a connection of the state of the nation and the environment before the attacks and after the attacks. She ensures that the audience has the ability of developing mental images of the people inside the towers before the attacks and after the attacks. Further, she uses Logos and Ethos in an effective manner. â€Å"My hand went to my head†¦dead Iraqi Children, the dead in Nicaragua and Rwanda†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This is a vivid illustration that Hammad comprehends the current issue, which is facing the American people. However, she needs people to minimize their focus towards the issue and pay attention to the social problems, which are occurring in the other countries. This is also illustrated by â€Å"One more person ask me if I know the hijackers†¦.† (Hammad 1). Her point in this case is that she is fixed in a situation because of her ethnic background, which would indicate that she is

Outline attempts to halt their decline Essay Example for Free

Outline attempts to halt their decline Essay Suggest why traditional seaside resorts in many MEDCs have declined in the last 30 years. Outline attempts to halt their decline. Over the past 30 years the state of many seaside resorts in the UK and other MEDCs has been in as tourist numbers in destinations drop, the income of an area begins to suffer and the multiplier effect from visitors stops, leading the whole area to suffer economic decline. Tourists are now travelling to cheaper LEDC resorts such as Northern Africa and Eastern Europe after suffering destination fatigue with traditional holiday resorts, example of a UK seaside resort in decline if Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear. According to Butler’s tourism model Whitley bay is in a state of sustained decline which is represented in its derelict hotels, arcades in a condition of disrepair and the vandalised and almost ruin-like remains of ‘The Spanish City’ a once busy amusement park in the area. As the resorts became more and more popular, more and more people came. This can lead to increased conflict between locals and tourists. It also means that the resorts are much more crowded and noisier as well as there being a lot more litter. This puts people off going if they want a quieter holiday and means they will travel to the less popular, much quieter LEDC holiday resorts. When you think of a tradition British seaside resort you picture crowded beaches, screaming children, buckets and spades, candy floss and donkey rides. People were able to escape from their working lives to experience the fresh air and relaxed atmosphere in places such as Bournemouth and Brighton. Blackpool was also a popular resort and, after the railway arrived in 1846, Blackpool became easily accessible and became even more thriving after the arrival of cars and coaches. By 1980 it was attracting over a million visitors every year. This is the same for a lot of seaside resorts. However, not many people like to go to crowded places for their holidays. Much of the decline has been blamed on the expansion of mass overseas tourism to locations popularised by tour operators through package holiday marketing, including the expansion of charter flights. They are considered to be better value for money with better facilities and guaranteed sunshine in a more exotic location. With the increase in transport e. g. planes, Eurostar, trains, bus tours and increased car ownership, people can travel further for their holidays and therefore look to the more remote, unexplored places for their holidays which have less people and therefore less litter, less people i. e. less noise pollution and sometimes less traffic. This makes their holiday more relaxing and quiet but also means they have much more room to spread out and relax and can find a place on the beach without being too crowded. More flexible working hours along with more disposable income means that people can afford to go the more remote areas and often the more expensive such as safari’s in Africa and tend to go on day trips or long weekends to seaside resorts in MEDCs. LEDCs tend to be on the news a lot more as well and with increased knowledge about the less economically developed countries people like to go on holiday there to spend time on the remote, empty beaches and to find out more about the culture there. Also, LEDCs include places such as Africa, Asia and other countries with a much better climate and hot weather nearly all year round which attracts many people each year who go to ‘top up their tans’. There are also more cruise liners around now which means that more people go on cruises to be near the sea rather that to the beach. There is also an increase in urban tourism meaning people travel to the cities rather than to the beach to explore an area’s culture and an increase in eco tourism and leisure tourism with more people travelling to theme parks than to the coast. Seaside resorts also declined due to activities and industries such as fishing, mineral extraction and shipbuilding also going into decline. And which visitors love the Victorian piers and promenades this is expensive for local authorities to upkeep and they get little commercial return because it’s free to walk down the pier! Flood defence and coastal erosion are also very expensive and mean that the government has little money to spend on the resort itself leaving it to go downhill. Package holidays, and later budget airlines, provided major competition but the real problem was the seaside resorts were mainly Victorian and after the war they had a huge surge in demand which exceeded supply. A lot of resorts got complacent and thought the visitors would always come because they had been since the 1870s. The high-earners went overseas in the 60s and the resorts responded by going downmarket and cutting prices, and the spiral of decline began. One of the towns which endured a typically tough experience was Morecambe in Lancashire. The town fought a losing battle in the 70s when package holidays really took off. Initially Morecambe lost many of its tourist attractions and the guest houses turned into houses of multiple occupation filled with benefits claimants. With less attractions and competition from the likes of Blackpool, by the 90s Morecambe could hardly be called a resort any more. Boarded-up shops, hotels and houses were evident, while petty crime and vandalism became rife and a BB ghetto for people on benefits grew up. Those problems still exist but thanks to the regeneration initiatives things are changing and people want to live there again and the future looks bright. Morecambe still has thousands of visitors every year and is marketing itself as a place for bird-watching, while many parts of the town have been remodelled through multimillion-pound schemes. While social and economic problems still persist elsewhere, there are reasons for optimism. In Skegness the daytripping, self-catering and short breaks market is still strong, while efforts are being made to extend the holiday season. And in Rhyl, a ? 3. 8m project called Drift Park, with its five themed gardens and open air theatre, has inhabitants hopeful things are on the up. These are just some of the things being put in place in order to bring tourists back to the coast. Much more money is being pumped into the coast in order to improve the areas and encourage people back. Many more theme parks are being introduced near the coast and many more hotels and places to stay. Some resorts have been able to compensate to some extent by expanding and developing other functions such as office and light industry development, expansion of higher education institutions and their growing function as retirement towns. The most successful of these have been coast resorts such as Bournemouth and Brighton which are within easy access of London. Others, such as resorts like Skegness and Scarborough are less accessible and have less potential to attract much alternative growth. These resorts depend on grant aid and their own initiatives to reverse the decline in tourism. E. g. in 1992 three smaller resorts collaborated with certain other European resorts to establish the ‘restore project’, backed by European Commission money. Experiences have been pooled and ways of regenerating coastal resorts explored. This has been followed up by the Resort Regeneration Pilot Project covering selected resorts such as the small resorts of Redcar and Saltburn on the North Yorkshire Coast and the wider region of the Costa Brava in Spain. There must be a well thought out strategic plan at local and regional level to cover the long and short term. Regeneration will require extensive refurbishment and infrastructure improvement in the resort itself and additional leisure and recreational activities currently in popular demand such as theme parks, heritage and nature trails. There is greater need to attract more short break visitors. There is some evidence of resort regeneration. Brighton for example is regarded as having ‘reinvented itself’ by upgrading accommodation and facilities, promoting itself as a centre for market day trips and as a national and international conference centre. In conjunction with the local authorities, North West Water Authority have undertaken a clean up of the coastal stretch fronting Blackpool, while, with the help of a government grant of ? 21 million, Blackpool’s local council has undertaken a major refurbishment of the Central Promenade as well as trying to market its traditional character to overseas tourists. Resorts with little else to offer beyond seaside tourism have tried to highlight their advantages for the traditional family seaside holiday while at the same time updating and widening their image by adding more modern recreational facilities and promoting the ‘green tourism’ and historical attractions of the rural and undeveloped coastal areas around. While to some extent recent trends would support the view that seaside towns are a national resource and do have a future, given the large number of alternative holiday venues abroad and a continues fall in real costs of overseas travel, the traditional seaside resort is unlikely to regain its former position as a magnet for mass domestic tourism.

book report- my sister my sorrow Essay -- essays research papers

Book Report â€Å"My Sister, My Sorrow† by Bebe Faas Rice, explores the natural human reactions to death, sickness and love. It delves into sibling rivalry, adolescent fear and stereotypes and gives insight into how beautiful the world seems when your life is on the line. â€Å"Leukemia is one of those diseases that creep up on you suddenly and catch you by surprise† ‘The story revolves around her thoughts and feelings towards friends, family, the meaning of life, depression, love, jealousy, cancer, etc. During the course of the book, the reader begins to understand much about what type of Leukemia it is that Beth has. Explained by the author in lame-mans terms, it becomes simple and enjoyable. Facts and story line fuse together to make an interesting chapter. â€Å"My toothbrush in the morning looked like an accessory to a suicide attempt† the signs of cancer are explained to the reader in an interesting, informative way. Beth explains all the emotions that she feels, she doesn’t leave anything out. As the reader goes through the pages they actually understanding the feelings and the emotions that are being explained. The way she tries to explain grief to the reader is through what she sees â€Å"I’ll never forget that night, with Mum out in the kitchen, sobbing as she scraped the carrots for dinner. Artists and sculptors usually depict grief as a heavily veiled figure leaning on a tombstone, but they’re wrong. What grief really is, is a middle-aged woma n with a carrot parer in one hand, la...

Reflective Journal: Leadership and Management

The Business MilieuSkin Solutions is a clinic that offers medical esthetic services to treat various skin imperfections other than providing remedies for skin diseases. It employs 6 licensed medical estheticians and one doctor of dermatology to look after patients who come for consultation and treatment. Facilities include a spa, and three spacious rooms for performing extractions, facials, and treatments for skin nourishment.To meet the needs and the demand of clients who come to the clinic, investments in the latest technologies for improving and treating skin imperfections have been made. Tools of the trade consisted of state-of-the art equipment and lasers, and computerized analysis of skin imperfections among others to boast of. This was therefore one of the reasons why customers were satisfied that they always came back to avail of other services and even brought with them a friend or two to promote what the clinic could also do for them.The skin clinic has always been full of customers that keeping the clinic open from 9am to 8pm was not enough to accommodate all the patients that wanted to be checked in a day. Some patients would have themselves enlisted at the front desk first and then either wait outside the clinic or just check back a few hours after strolling around the mall. Some patients would also call in and make appointments for the following day so they could be sure that they wouldn’t have to wait in line when they come for consultation and treatment in the coming day.I was a medical intern in dermatology when all this was happening. I observed that many attempts to compete with the style and service of the clinic have been made by others to no avail. They often wondered about what business secret was held by the clinic that allows them to click with the public.My mentor was not only a cousin. She is the clinic’s owner and dermatologist; considered a prime mover in modern medical and cosmetic esthetics in our area. She was an in spiration to others in the same field as well as for others who were not into the esthetics business but who were like her, an entrepreneur who had a vision for her enterprise.What did you learn about yourself: Lessons on maturity?I somewhat felt anxious and uncomfortable by being a protà ©gà © of a cousin. Having a relative for a coach was sometimes embarrassing for we’ve known each other far deeper than anybody else did in the clinic and so, it was easy for the coach to point out my mistakes and weaknesses. I on the other hand would sometimes be too proud to admit them but knew deep inside that the coach was right and that I had to lower my pride and accept her corrections for it was, after all, for my own good.What I admire about my cousin was that she would raise the level of our relationship at work to one that is strictly professional. With this, I learned that her goal was always of maturity – of following a purpose and not the personality who runs with that p urpose. This valuable character I have learned to accept for myself as I observed her ways in leadership.In my case, it seemed that I had the tendency to follow a person for their personality as though I were a teenager. This, I felt was a mark of immaturity that had to be changed. But when one sees a personality’s purpose and follows that purpose, then he or she is likely to succeed. I realized then that being mature entails adopting marks of maturity, one of which is having a sense of purpose for it is this purpose that causes one to act and move a certain way and make decisions that will lead to success.What did you learn about yourself: Lessons on DeterminationAnother key lesson learned was that we don’t just have to be in the business. Rather, we should be in the business in such a way that we want to succeed and win. A winning attitude is what makes businesses flourish and sustain competence in a domain where there seems to be many competitors. I have learned to adopt that attitude and be determined to be and do the best, not settling for the mediocre.What did you learn about yourself: Lessons on DirectionAnother message that proved significant to me was a lesson involving direction. One may be determined to be the best in business but this determination is nothing if one does not have a direction for the business. Two things I realized that will set a person’s direction in life and business are purpose and focus.Purpose gives meaning to one’s life and trade. For the business to grow, advance, and prosper, purpose is an essential ingredient. Focus on the other hand leads the direction towards a goal. Running aimlessly will amount to nothing. Doing many things for the business without focus will not accomplish something laudable. But when one has purpose and focus in pursuing dreams, goals, and visions for the business, then a direction is charted, a course is followed, and a heritage is handed down.What did you learn about you rself: Lessons on HeritageLearning secrets of the trade is a privilege that ought to be cherished. Those closest to my cousin in the business besides me, were the six medical estheticians who have grown to love their work at the clinic. They have become skilled at customer relations, medical dealings, and the dos and don’ts of the industry. The good thing about our mentor is that she was a constant source of business knowledge. She shares with us a knowledge that is not temporary but one that will last. She expects that this knowledge will bear fruit and help establish businesses in the future that will hold the same philosophies.Prerequisites of heritage I then realized while receiving training include focus and the heart to communicate one’s vision. This vision includes making partisans and training them to become future leaders in their desired trade. The goal was to make replicas of one’s self or people who may be better than the mentor. With this, the idea is to focus by fervently believing in the vision and forgetting about things that does not run with this vision of success.I realized that in order for a heritage to be built, a leader must have conviction and learn to communicate something that he or she lives for, and then her protà ©gà © will follow. The second prerequisite was building the right foundation. Mentors are pillars of foundation who are present to support their charges. The values they treasure are priceless, indispensable and effective. Investing these in trainees will be beneficial for the success of the company.What did you learn about yourself: Lessons on DisciplineIn all these things, I also learned the value of discipline. There’s a cost for success. Strict training in all aspects of running the business is important to maintain business and financial health. What we want is to please both our human resources and then of course, our clientele. To achieve this, therefore, is to sacrifice time to learn a bout proper ethics of the trade, people skills and influence, the latest technology involved, and also learn about the rates for effectiveness of each technology and treatment.Mastering the treatment strategies, these tools, and providing customers with quality service is essential in making them come back to avail of more services. The quality of care rendered includes properly informing clients about their skin problems and providing them with treatment options to choose from. Educating them about what is best for their skin, and what alternatives they can do to maintain its health is also crucial for multiplying customers who will come for consultation in the future.What did you learn about yourself: Personal DiscoveriesI thought I knew what it took to run a successful business. I always thought that having the latest technology was enough to draw clients into the clinic. I realized later that this was not enough. Personal qualities also needed polishing and development. Professi onalism is first and foremost an aspect that needs to be learned, developed, and practiced. Without this, one’s business values will be poor and will cause the business to suffer.How did this activity strengthen your self leadership skills?The activity has allowed introspection to be done. As I examined myself regarding my feelings, thoughts, and motives about management and leadership, I found myself dealing with bad habits and replacing them with the principles I gained from training. I’ve learned to be more mature in dealing with people and in running a business. To chart the course of the business and believe that it can be achieved.I’ve learned how to develop and polish a vision with which I can run with and communicate to others so that they may be partners in making the business progress. I also learned the value of discipline and what needs to be done to keep a healthy and happy enterprise. I adopted all these and noticed changes in the way I conducted b usiness deals. Thus far, the feedbacks I’ve obtained were all positive. I am grateful for the lessons and insights I gained from the activity for it has made me a better person and now I swell with pride and would like to share these with others also.How did this activity improve your communication/interpersonal skills?People are important for it is they who can make or break a business. People skills need to be developed to help the business grow. With the strategies I gained from the activity, I was able to expand my people-making skills and increase my influence by maintaining rapport with clients. Being able to inform the clients properly and educating them about dos and don’ts in skin care helped enhance my skills in interpersonal communication. Keeping a smile, greeting customers, providing suggestions, and exchanging ideas with people around me proved a big help for enriching my communication skills.Rough roads, detours or roadblocksThus far, no hindrances or ba rriers have been experienced. The only thing I remember was that uncomfortable feeling on having a cousin for a trainer. But when this feeling is eliminated and pride is lowered to welcome corrections and good instruction, then everything will go well.Comments on personal effectivenessI’ve adopted the principles myself and utilized these every time I go to the clinic. Other than that, I also use the principles of people and influence to my advantage to polish my interpersonal communication skills. Feedbacks have been very positive and I use this as my yardstick for effectiveness.Was this a valuable experience for you? Importance of the ActivityOn the job training is an effective tool in developing a person’s character, business knowledge, and skills. The activity for me was a very valuable experience because I learned first hand what it takes to own and manage a business, be an effective and efficient business leader, and be an exemplary figure for others to follow. It helps if one works side by side with a leader. The leader’s character, life principles, philosophies, and strategies are learned immediately. Other than this, being with such people is encouraging because one gets stimulated to do the same things they do, think the same way they do, and compose one’s self as they do.Leaders are catalysts for improvement. Living by their example will make persons significant in their chosen field of activity in the future.

Premium Beer Market in Thailand Essay

There were various kinds of determinants influencing the enlargement of the beer market; especially the cause from gas price has risen up high like never before. Deriving the consumer products price had to be adjusted to avoid suffering from higher cost of production and transportation. On the other end, consumer’s purchasing power had become lower due to the higher cost of living; driving them to adapt to the economic situation they were facing. From the observation in the beer market, we could notice there were obvious changes in consumer’s behavior; consumers or drinkers tended to shift from having large size of beer 640ml. to the smaller size 330ml. in the form of small bottle or can. Moreover, there was a slightly drop in the frequency of buying beer also. (Source: B&A CO. ,LTD/Daily Manager Newspaper: May 1st 2005) In addition, government sectors also had plan in process to leverage IRS tax on alcohol beverage as the European Union had implemented it before in order to improve the social overall status and also eliminate beer industry pitfalls. Year 2006 In this year, there were many interesting movements occurring in the premium beer market. Beer manufacturers in the premium segment had planned an expansion in their production base to penetrate in other potential segments which were most likely to be the offering in light beer; providing more choices for consumers, containing less amount of alcohol or to be exact, lower than 5%. From the total amount of alcohol contained, although light beers were obviously positioned separately from the premium segment, still, they had become the new face of drinking premium beer which targeting on consumer who loves to drink healthier responded to the healthy concerning issues and rend in nowadays. Most importantly was light beers were actually sold in the cheaper price than premium beers. Plus with the facts that light beer market was still in the introduction stage, holding only 35 million liters in total production quantity or only 2% of the market shares in beer industry; therefore, showed that the light beers market still had more potential growth along the way (Source: Thai Beverage Marketing CO. LTD/Prachachat Newspaper: March 13th 2006) For the entrepreneur in light beers segment, San Miguel, the first brand penetrated into this market, was using the ‘Push Strategy’ in the early stage, implementing the intensive distribution to cover all convenience stores and on-premise market like pubs, bars, and restaurant in order to take advantages of being the first offering in the market. After the intensive distribution was taken place to cover all potential areas in the market, San Miguel immediately continued with the follow-up plan by using the ‘Pull Strategy’ in order to create more brand awareness through mass media; TV commercials, radio spots, and also held promotional events at particular on-premise restaurants, pubs. Moreover, San Miguel had collaborated with 104. 5FM FAT RADIO holding â€Å"San Miguel Music Fest Volume 2† which counted as the latest marketing activities of San Miguel. On the other hand, Chang Beer, who had been testing the light beer market since year 2005, decided to officially commercialize Chang Light into the premium market in March 2006; at a price of 45 baht per bottle which contains 4. 2% of alcohol volume; also implementing ‘sport marketing’ or ‘event sponsorship’ through golf and related activities. By March 2006, Singha Light was introduced to the premium market in Thailand. Although Singha was planning to focus on exporting their light beers to penetrate in Europe and America continents, but because of the high volume of alcohol up to 6% containing Singha Beer, it caused them to face with higher tax than the competitors. Plus, most drinkers in those markets preferred drinking beers with low degree of alcohol. Apart from that, Singha Light also put more focuses on driving the local market. Singha spent its marketing budget up to 150 million baht to present â€Å"Singha Light: The North Pole Challenge† in order to seek for 4 Thai persons getting once in a life time chance to travel up to the North Pole. Moreover, in this year, the government sectors had pushed through the new legislative law to be the mandatory for all alcoholic beverages. The law basically consisted of the regulations on selling and having to specific age of buyers, time and place of distribution. In addition, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or ORYOR) had come up with the restriction of having any kind of advertisements relating to alcoholic beverages except print advertorial section in non-Thai magazines and other media. These regulations were officially brought to used on December 3, 2006 and immediately caused all the billboards, logos, brand related signs to be taken down and prohibited. Pubs, bars, restaurants, and also convenience stores were forced not to put any signs or logos of alcoholic beverage which could be seen clearly from outside the facilities. However, there were some exceptions were allowed in the case of social responsibility or tourism related activities. For example, the regulation stated that the facilities providing alcoholic beverages must also provide other non-alcoholic beverages like drinking water or sparkling/soda water etc. The company name must not be the same or rhyme with the name of the alcoholic drinks brand; and marketing strategy like ‘corporate brand image’ was prohibited like naming the company ‘Beer Thai’. For other marketing promotional tools like using pretty girls, the regulation still allowed them to dress in color to indicate the brand but the logos of the brand on the clothes including umbrella were prohibited; and for the issue of specialties or free giveaways that contained any logos indicating brand was postponed to be reconsider for the appropriateness. Year 2007 With the continuation of rapidly gas price rising situation, it was bad influencing the consumers to construct the negative perspective towards the stability spending and earning in the upcoming future and also directly affected the consumer’s behavior. As observed from the quantity of total beers sold in the early April, which usually the most profitable season of the beer industry; 143. 5 million liters comparing to the average sales from other months 140. 6 million liters or 2. 1%. These numbers obviously reflected the stagnant sales reached as low as 2-3%; dropped from 4-5%; mostly because of the pressure on the purchasing power of consumer due to the government regulation trying to decrease the alcoholic drinks consumption. On the tax regulation issue on beers, The Excise Department had organized into 3 groups and assigned different tax fees depending on each segment. The premium beer will be paying tax at 37 baht/liter; 36 baht/liter for standard market and 28 baht/liter for the economy segment respectively. For the controversial advertising issue since last year was finally settled down in this year with the revised regulations allowing the product image to be on print media but without persuasive messages or any presenter. Also print media was required to put 25% caution message of the total area of the advertisement. And for the mass media especially on television, they had divided into 2 phrases. First phrase, the TV commercials during the 10pm were allowed to put up any logo of the brand to be shown for approximately 5 seconds, and for the second phrase, 30 seconds mark shots were allowed. These changes made had tremendous positive effects to the beer market. However, those regulations were not major obstruction for the beer market. Marketers tried to adjust and improve their strategies and tactics to come up with new way of advertising. Event Marketing was one of their strategies which effectively doubled up the frequency of use. In this year, the expansion of the total beer industry had constructed the 6% growth of both quantity and value. But if we carefully looked through the segments, we would found that the premium beer market had surprisingly decreased by 8%. These were caused by the psychological factors driven consumers’ behavior to decline; plus with the government regulation had made impacts on many brands to seeking for new ways to market their products since back in August 2006 which eventually projected the decline in many firms’ total sales volume. Year 2008 Nowadays, the beer market in Thailand is still holding the attractive market for the imported brands. From the current market condition, we can notice there are many international brands which are trying to penetrate into Thailand’s beer industry to capture their potential market shares; starts off with re-entering of Carlsberg S/A Company, Denmark with the brand ‘Carlsberg’ into Thai beer market; after they had left the Thai market for the last 4-5 years. This comeback of Carlsberg is driven by the their main company in the foreign country; by starting from having the San Miguel’s breweries factory in Pathumthani as their production site. In the meantime, their marketing team has already been put in place and been planning to start their first comeback marketing event in March; and follow with the officially introduction in June. Carlsberg is mainly focusing all their efforts in distribution channel and strategies more than any other aspects. Carlsberg will initiate into the hypermarket and position itself in the same level as Heineken. Apart from that, in March, Thai Beverage Marketing CO. ,LTD. lso has plan preparing the expansion the beer portfolio to cover all the potential markets. From having only Chang Beer and Archa Beer in the economy segment; Chang Light and Chang Draught in standard segment, therefore they have plan in launching Federbrau to penetrate in premium market. Asahi Asahi Super Dry was first introduce to beer market in Thailand in September 2002 by B&A Distribution Company Limited, one of the brands under Boon Rawd Brewery CO. ,LTD. Asahi was and still is the leader brand in Japan by having the most market shares in the beer market in Japan; by implementing the intensive distribution as their strategy, available to be purchased everywhere setting the price in the average range. Moreover, there has been improvement in the production procedure and logistics process in order to maintain the freshness and quality of the products and has tried to adjust the taste to be more preferable by Thai drinkers. They started out by focusing mainly on Japanese restaurants in order to construct the new customer base. By the year 2003, they have expanded more of their products into the common market including modern types of distribution channels like supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience stores etc. After some recession from the marketing strategies they had been implementing since the end of the year 2003; focusing on the taste of drought beer and plus with the innovative and futuristic of the products under the concept ‘Platinum Beer’ which derived from the sparkle silver-colored wrapped around the bottles and cans. But the selling point is somehow overestimated the perception of Thai drinkers. Therefore, in the year 2004, Asahi had decided to turn the other way around, back to its own origin which was Japan as the selling point along with the message of the bestselling beer in Japan by hoping the J Trend would eventually improve the Asahi Super Dry’s image. The result was quite successful; Asahi had captured the wider market share. By using J Trend, Asahi had effectively reached into the office workers which were employed in the Japanese firm or the group of people who have passionate in Japanese style including college students. Although there was not that large group of buyers, but most of them were likely to be identify as the middle class people, educated and have enough purchasing power. Year 2005 Asahi had decided to renovate the whole marketing strategy by turning to focus mainly on the concept â€Å"Think Difference† with â€Å"Color Marketing Strategy : Universally Communication†. They tried to emphasize on the silver strip on their products to create brand awareness, recognition and recall; distinguished from other brands in premium market. Source : B&A Distribution CO. ,LTD. /Prachachat : July 17, 2005) Later on, Asahi had captured more market shares especially the increasing in rural markets; 40% from the eastern and northern part and the rest 60% from Bangkok and Metropolitan. During the second semiannual, Asahi had set the marketing budget up to 120 million baht from the total 180 million baht in order to emphasize on below-the-line 70% and above-the-line 30%. Year 2006 Organizational management structure was rearranged; the management team from Boon Rawd Brewery had come in and totally taken places in all positions in Asahi by deviding the works into two major departments under 4 CEOs; 2 from Japan and 2 from Boon Rawd. Sales department was under the Boon Rawd management team and B&A would be taking care all of the marketing activities. Although there was major change in the management team, still they had not changed the positioning of Asahi and maintained its brand as international brand. San Miguel San Miguel first initiated into the beer industry by sponsoring in many golf competition; holding beer booths in many golf courses started from the middle of November and so on. Moreover, San Miguel had distributed their beers through many channels possible. However, San Miguel had the advantages over other competitors in terms of strong financial capability; therefore, San Miguel could use the turnkey operation; letting the 3rd party management team, which specialized in the particular kind of managing, to come in and run the business for them. Year 2005 San Miguel had decided to spend large amount of budget up to 375 million baht to settle down the contract with Pat-Kol Co. ,Ltd. in order to construct 95 rai of ‘Multi-Beverage Production Site’, which could be utilized to manufacture many kinds of beverage like fruit juice, drinking water, ready-to-drink tea/bottled tea, and also soft drinks in Amata City Industrial Park, Rayong. And debut its first brand of beer â€Å"Kirin† 2nd market leader from Japan. Year 2007 San Miguel had specified the marketing policies into major brands like San Miguel’s Low Calories Beer, San Mig Light as followed mandatory from the main headquarter. On the local market, San Miguel offered Blue Ice Beer as a standard brand and Red Horse Beer as an economy brand. These brands were already introduced to the Thai beer market for 2 years but they were intended just to test the market, and will be taken out of the market eventually. In this year, San Miguel had planned to emphasize more in below-the-line marketing; increasing from 60% to 70-80% mainly through pubs, bars, and restaurants in order to directly reach the right group of target; and decreased the above-the-line from 40% down to 20-30%. Moreover, they had planned to join with ‘Sugar Beet Restaurant’ in order to boost sales and build more brand awareness. Federbrau Thai Beverage Public Company Limited has just decided to introduce Federbrau into the premium beer market in order to fill up their beer portfolio. They have started off by distributing through on-premise channel like night clubs, pubs, bars since March by offering three sizes of products which are 630ml large bottle, 330ml small bottle, and 330ml can. These products will be further on distributing into another channel like supermarkets and hypermarkets. Feberbrau Beer is the imported brand from Germany; containing 4. 7% of alcohol volume which is the lightest taste provided nowadays like the word ‘Federbrau’ itself means ‘feather’. It is the first brand in Thailand which keeps practicing ‘Reinheitsgebot’, the law legislated in Germany allowing only 4 ingredients in brewing beer; water, malts, barley hops, and yeasts. Although the law has not passed the qualification of the EU, many breweries has still produced beer following this law in order to project higher standard than other manufacturer. Feberbrau Beer is being brewed by COSMOS Brewery (Thailand) Co. Ltd. , Wangnoi, Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya. Federbrau has planned to position its product as the genuine German beer; offering new choices for consumers though Thai drinkers might not know the story behind their recipe; therefore, it is focusing on sending messages indicating the German-style and creating the adventurous sensation by using blu e color. They are mainly targeting the ages between the ranges of 22-35 who have self confidence, freedom lovers, and have their own lifestyles. For the regulation issues, there are many strict regulations on alcoholic beverages to be complied. But since Federbrau has clearly stated its position, it would not create any conflicts between the brands like Chang Light under Thai Beverage itself unlike the previous conflict between Chang and Archa. The marketing plan of Federbrau for the first 9 months will be mostly focusing on emphasizing on above-the-line rather than below-the-line; all kinds of media including billboard will be used to promote the brand awareness and brand recall by started off in the Bangkok area and then move on to nationwide through TV, radio, newspaper, shop decoration and also holding event to cover all potential market opportunities.