Simon in the Lord of the Flies

Simon is a member of the choir, but is the only one who seems weak. Simon is introduced in the novel when he faints; this is a show of his weakness. He is a lot like piggy, but not as bullied. Ralph thinks he is ‘queer' and ‘funny' because he is realistic. Simon is the first boy to notice the candle bud flowers when they are out walking. Simon always sees the spiritual side of the island. The only place you see candles nowadays is in churches. Jack slashes at the candle buds with his knife keeping up his reputation as the anarchist. The creepers on the island are long vines. The small children see these creepers as â€Å"beasties†. When the little child comes forward during a meeting, he describes a ‘snake-thing', then changes his mind to a ‘beastie'. The boy makes out the ‘beastie to be evil'. The beastie the boy has seen is not a physical monster it is a monster inside the boy's head. The most terrifying thing is darkness and the unknown. The unknown makes the human imagination go wild and ask all the questions it can, â€Å"What's out there?† â€Å"Is it a huge big snake† â€Å"Is it coming to get me in the night?† The snake-like thing the ‘little-un' describes is symbolic of the serpent in the story of Adam and Eve. In Genesis, in the Bible, the serpent is portrayed as the devil and acts against god's wishes; it offers Eve the fruit from the tree of knowledge, unknowing of the consequences, Eve accepts the fruit. She offers the fruit to her husband, Adam. They both eat the fruit and become aware of their state of undress. When God came walking in the garden he found that Adam and Eve had hidden their genitalia under fig leaves. God banished Adam and Eve from Eden. The serpent, the devil, had won. Simon is the one who is helping to construct the huts on the beach. He believes the shelters will guard from the ‘beastie'. This is for the benefit of the rest of the group, not selfish like Jack and his crazed hunt for pigs. Simon is a bit of a loner; he has his own cove in the jungle, which he keeps secret from everyone else. This place has ‘more sunlight' than the rest of the jungle and is decorated with floral bouquets. The jungle suddenly turns into a picturesque haven from the outside anger of the island. But Simon is not escaping the outside force he is merely running from himself, the Simon that exists with the other boys. When he is inside his special sanctuary he fells protected. There is the appearance of the candle bud flowers again, and coupled with the safety and sanctuary of the cove it almost turns into a church. When the tight canopy of creepers envelops Simon, the light in the cove increases. The passage describes of how the evil in this part of the jungle disappears, ‘Darkness poured out'. Simon is the light in the darkness of the island; he is the only voice of religion amongst the chaos of evil. Golding is showing Simon to be a spiritual guide in the book. When he is walking through the jungle towards his cavern, he comes across some small children, â€Å"little-uns†. They are trying to reach some fruit located just beyond their grasp in a tree. Simon obligingly picks the ‘choicest' fruit from the foliage and passes it back down to the ‘endless outstretched hands'. This scene can be likened to an event in the bible, which is where Jesus Christ feeds five thousand people with a few loaves of bread and some fish. Simon is the saviour for these children; they had been trying for hours to reach the juiciest fruit from the tree and Simon has got it for them with very little ease. Simon's description by Golding shows he has a mop of hair, which is black in colour. This is like that of Jesus Christ, again rekindling the association with a spiritual nature. Like Piggy Simon is clear-sighted, he knows what is best, but unlike Piggy he advises on the religious meanings of the island. He is the first boy in the party to notice the transformation that has occurred on the island. He sees that, the island they once took for an Eden, has under gone a metamorphosis into a place of evil. When Jack talks of how the ‘little-uns' scream in their sleep, terrified of the ‘beastie' Simon is the first to acknowledge â€Å"As if the beastie was real† and â€Å"As if it wasn't a good island.† Simon is still blaming the evil experience on an outside force, he, like the entire group still fail to see the evil is within or â€Å"The darkness within†. Jack also senses the evil on the island, he likens it to a physical presence when he goes hunting, â€Å"†¦you can feel as if you're not hunting, but-being hunted: as if something's behind you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The boys on the island have difficulty finishing their sentences; this is because they are scared and embarrassed of their situation. The boys themselves find it difficult to understand the emotions they are feeling and whether these emotions should be listened to. The situation is like that of the Jews in Egypt from the Old Testament in the Bible. When the evil Egyptian slave masters ruled them, they were not enjoying themselves but they had some kind of law and order. When Moses freed them, they were happy at the wonders of freedom, but soon were reduced to a rabble of immoral ‘wrong-doers'. The boys have been ruled by grown-ups all their lives and when they find themselves on the Island, they are ecstatic, but when things get difficult and new feelings arise, bad things happen. Luckily for the Jews Moses was there to save them, he went to God and received the Ten Commandments that brought law and order back to his people. Maybe something similar will happen in this novel. Simon may save the boys, or he may be symbolising Moses and some other, yet unknown force, is God.

Movie Paper Review

Michelle Jones Green block 3 1/28/13 Movie Paper Review: The Boy in Striped Pajamas The Boy in Striped Pajamas is a book that was made into a movie, set during World War Two and more specifically, the Holocaust. The book was written by John Boyne and when made into a movie was directed by Mark Herman and produced by David Heyman. The Boy in Striped Pajamas was made in 2006 and starred Asa Butterfield, Jack Scanlon, and Vera Farmiga. I read the book, The Boy in Striped Pajamas in 8th grade and watched to movie very soon after.The Boy in Striped Pajamas is based on the horrors of a World War Two Nazi Extermination Camp. This movie is through the eyes of two 8 year old boys; one whose father is a Nazi camp commandant and the other is a Jewish inmate. Bruno, the son of the Nazi commandant and his family just recently moved from Berlin to the countryside; which happens to have a Nazi Extermination Camp right nearby. The adventurous Bruno finds an unguarded fence where he meets and befrien ds Shmuel, a Jewish boy. Bruno soon learns the horrors of the war and so does his mother.When Bruno's father announces that the young boy and his mother will be going to live with their aunt in Heidelberg, Bruno grabs a shovel and makes his way to the camp to meet up with his friend, leading the movie into an awful sequence of events. None of the characters in this movie were real people but they were all accurate depictions of the soldiers and everyone at that time. The movie very accurately showed the differences in living being a Jew and living in the camps compared to everyone else.It also shows a child’s innocence and how children sometimes see the world completely different than adults, sometimes even in a better way. Bruno never saw anything wrong or different about Jewish people but his older sister Gretchen was being influenced by her tutor and a younger soldier to believe things she couldn’t fully understand. The movie showed the terrible things being done to the people in the Nazi camps and how propaganda was used to make uninformed people believe things that weren’t true.The movie accurately shows how live was in that time. The beginning of The Boy in Striped Pajamas was set in Berlin in 1942 during World War Two, Bruno and his family are moving to the countryside because of his father’s work. The setting then is never specified but we know it is near a Nazi Extermination Camp. The props in this movie were all very accurate and the lighting and way the shooting was done portrayed the devastating times that were during the Holocaust.The Boy in Striped Pajamas is a very good movie and a very accurate movie too. The actors playing the young 8 year old boys did an awesome job playing those parts especially at such a young age. The soldiers also did well playing Nazi’s and being very stern people. Overall this movie is a very accurate representation or what life was like during World War Two while adding its own plot a nd I would recommend this movie to anyone who would like to see what it was like for Jewish people and families of the soldier’s during the Holocaust.

Furthering My Education Furthermore

Throughout my educational experience, writing has never been one of my strong points. I have also found difficulty in to discussing my shortcomings with strangers. For the sake of furthering my education, I will attempt to push these difficulties to the side and live up to my potential as a successful college student and a young mother of two. Allow me to take you through my journey. In the summer of 2004, I was accepted into a â€Å"Groups Program† at Indiana University. I was thrilled to be going to college. All of my family was ecstatic as well since I was the first member of the family to attend.The â€Å"Groups Program† was a program of about 300 minority students from all over the state of Indiana who were guaranteed all four years of college to be paid for if we completed six weeks of classes on campus before the fall semester began. Six weeks? This should be a breeze especially since my best friend, Coyalett, was accepted as well. We would also be rooming togeth er. The problem with that was we had too much fun. We did exactly what we did in Anderson (marijuana), and we were kicked out in two weeks. Dang! So much for making the family proud. Back to Anderson it was, and I was really bummed out.Here I was, a few weeks out of High School, and I already messed up my shot at going to college. I didn’t give up though. I applied to IU on my own, and I could not believe they accepted me to come back in the fall. I felt that I was experiencing some sort of miracle, or it could have been the fact that I graduated high school with a 3. 8. Either way I was excited to have a second chance at obtaining a college degree. My best friend was not so lucky. I believe she ended up doing some schooling via the Internet. Oh well, I was on my way to a better future and nothing or no one was going to stop me.Boy, was I wrong. When I went back to Bloomington, I met another freshman named Heather. We really hit it off. She was extremely nice, and we had a fe w things in common. She was from Muncie (which is not too far from me), we liked the same music, we had the same style, and we liked to smoke weed. We were together every day. Heather did not mind doing it all day long. Since the opportunity to smoke was always there, I did it too. My grades began to slip dramatically. School work and marijuana just does not mix. The times that I did show up to class, I probably was stoned.Drugs and school are a really bad combination, and I had a very hard time juggling the two. Still, I was not going to give up. I’m not really a give-up type of girl. The only problem with that is I didn’t want to give up either of the two. So I made it through the first semester without getting busted or giving up. My GPA was about a 1. 2, and I was placed on academic probation. I stuck around because I was not ready to go home yet. I was having too much fun, and I wanted to finish my education. The spring semester began alright. I was smart enough t o begin my first class at one o’clock in the afternoon.Therefore, I was attending classes more. Only now I had a problem with driving home every weekend to see my boyfriend. This took time away from studying and also cost me a lot of gas money and about $1000 in speeding tickets. During that time, I felt my family and boyfriend were worth all of that. I got my GPA up to about a 2. 5, and in May, I was ready to go home for summer vacation. I did not know that I was a couple weeks pregnant! I found that out about a week or two of being at home. I was disgusted with myself. It took me a few months to actually get excited at the thought of having a baby.I ended up breaking up with my boyfriend during the summer. He was extremely jealous and abusive, and I just had enough. I definitely did not want to raise my son around him. I went back to IU that fall almost five months pregnant, and I remember being ashamed. I wore really big clothes, and I was depressed and afraid. I hated bei ng so far away from home being pregnant and alone. Yet, I still did not want to give up. Especially since I had a huge responsibility coming in a few more months. So I attended all my classes, and I studied more than I did the previous year. It helped that I was not doing drugs anymore, too.I would never do that to my child. So besides feeling so alone, I was doing alright as far as my school work went. Until a day in October when I was rushed to the ER in Bloomington. I had actually just gotten back to Bloomington from a trip home to see my family when I decided to go to Starbucks and get ready to work all night on school work. For no reason at all, I blacked out in the line at Starbucks and hit my head on a counter. I do not remember much but the feeling of people swarming over me and voices that sounded a million miles away. The ride to the emergency room was bumpy, and I was terrified.I have never ridden in an ambulance before under any circumstance, and I had no idea what was g oing on. All I could think about was my unborn child. Was he alright? Did I hurt him in any way when I fell? Is he going to live? When I arrived at the hospital, I never felt so alone in my life. I wanted my mommy. And out of nowhere, a little Japanese lady entered my room and held my hand. She would have to do. She stayed with me the whole time, and I had never seen her a day in my life. She was a friend of a friend of my mother’s. I really did not care at that point. I was just so happy to have someone there by my side.The doctors checked on my baby and ran a few test and released me early the next morning. My child was alright. The doctors had discovered that my iron was really low, and that’s what caused the blackout. The thought of the scariest day of my life repeating itself again was enough to send me packing and on my way back to Anderson. So I got plenty of rest until I delivered my baby on January 11th, 2006. This was the greatest thing that ever happened to me. I had a 6lb 9oz Golden Child, and I was the proudest person alive. Motherhood was nice. I had a job at Wendy’s, and I had my own apartment.I was so busy being a mom that I sort of forgotten about my education. Well, it was put on the back burner of my mind. A day after my son’s first birthday, I found out I was pregnant with my daughter. Wow, two kids and I’m still working the drive-thru at Wendy’s. I was devastated until August 25th, 2007. That’s when I became a mother to the most beautiful baby girl I’d ever rested my eyes upon. I was so proud to be a mother to these two children. Although I was proud, I was extremely busy now. I ended up getting fired from Wendy’s after being there for more than two years.I tried almost everywhere to get a job, and I did not have any luck. After a couple months of this, I decided to get certified as a nursing assistant. I always wanted to be a nurse to begin with, and I figured I could start th ere and work my way up. I also knew that I would not have a problem finding a job once I was certified. I worked really hard during my training, and I passed the class with a 98%. I was proud of myself and amazed that I got back in the rhythm of being a student. I wanted more. I wanted more for my children. Two days after I passed the state test, I began working at a nursing home. I love what I do.I started there in 2008, and I’m still with them today. I’m actually passionate about what I do. The feeling is amazing. After seeing how I could perform in a school setting, I knew I could do it again. After each day of looking in my children’s eyes, I knew I had to do it again. I want a better future for those two. I want a better future for me. I want them to be as proud of me as I am of them. I now understand that the only way to achieve this is by furthering my education. So this is what it feels like to grow up. It took two children to help me realize this, and I wouldn’t trade them in for ten worlds.

Business strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business strategy - Assignment Example Objectives -The College aims at the provision of quality education to the whole computer interested fraternity. It also aims at creating competitive individuals in the society, who form the basis of computer development. Another objective is to be a first class university college that offers computer in the country. Lastly, the college has the objective of reaching out to the students through imparting skills that are beneficial and outstanding. Aims -The aim of the college is to increase the availability of the computer education to the growing generation of the computer era. The college also aims at growing to become a recognized institution in both Tripoli and other parts of the world. The running of the college will face many challenges from the external and the internal environment. The change in the landscape of higher education over the years is likely to cause detrimental effects to the college. The global economic crisis is exacerbating the effects of the external environment on the college. The income from the daily activities of the guardians of the potential students continues to deteriorate, causing the decrease in the number of students enrolled in the colleges. The impact of the economy on the family incomes and purported philanthropy has been detrimental over the current years. The families are unable to afford the tuition fees to aid in the education of their children. The philanthropists have also accrued higher expenses prompting them to cut on the endowment aimed towards the higher education. Competition for the available philanthropists has grown tremendously. This causes the reduction in funding the activities of higher learning. Another challenge is the crude alignment of the people towards art related subjects. Most students presume that the art subjects are easy and easy to work with. This causes them to abandon the science subjects such as computer science, and hence leading to inefficiency

Business data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business data analysis - Essay Example Additionally they have decided to analyse the operating cost of the copier machines compared to various alternatives as well as phone call data for sales reps and the sales report for active customers over the past year. Laurel plans to use these records to provide management with information that can assist in some way in the decision making process. Introduction This paper represents an analysis of the operations of HH Industries. The company has employed an analyst to provide information that will help the company to make decisions. This information has to be presented to management in such a way that they can understand and so will make informed decisions regarding the way forward. 1.1 Frequency Distribution Tables and Histograms for Quarter 1 and 2 Laurel has prepared frequency distribution tables and histograms for quarter 1 and quarter 2 of 1991. These can be found in Appendix 1. The table and chart for Quarter 1 1991 shows the frequency of the average daily order size for Jan uary to March 1991. The information in the table and chart indicates that orders valued between $120 and $140 occurred most frequently for a total of 19 days for the quarter. This was followed by orders ranging from $100 to $120 (17 days), $140 to $160 (10 days) and $80 to $100 (8 days) respectively. The data in Appendix 1 (a) also shows the frequency distribution and histogram for quarter 2 of 1991. The Table and histogram provides information on the frequencies of the average daily order size for April to June 1991. It shows that orders valued from $100 to $120 occurred most frequently – 24 days for the quarter. This was followed by orders ranging from $120 to $140 (19 days), $80 to $100 (10 days) and $140 to $160 (6 days) respectively. 1.2 Frequency Distribution and Histogram of Total Daily Orders for all Four Quarters The frequency distribution and histogram of the total daily orders for Quarter 3 of 1990 which are shown in Appendix 1 (b) indicates that daily orders of 15 0 to 160 occurred most frequently at 16 days during the quarter. This was followed by daily orders of 140 to 150 which occurred 14 times for the quarter, 160 to 170 which occurred 13 days for the quarter and 170 to 180 which occurred for a total of 10 days during the quarter. The frequency distribution and histogram of the total daily orders for Quarter 4 of 1990 indicates that daily orders of 160 to 170 occurred most frequently at 15 days during the period. This was followed by daily orders of 150 to 160 which occurred 10 days for the period, 170 to 180 which occurred 9 days for the quarter, and 180 to 190 and 190 to 200 which occurred for a total of 8 days each during the quarter. The frequency distribution and histogram of the total daily orders for Quarter 1 of 1991 indicates that daily orders of 170 to 180 occurred most frequently at 14 days during the period. This was followed by daily orders of 160 to 170 which occurred 12 times for the period,

Digital Marketing Campain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Digital Marketing Campain - Essay Example Several areas of digital marketing has been looked at including the general goals for the campaign, the target audience, key campaign message and offers, strategic plan and implementation time. Above all, it is strongly recommended that this document be accepted as a working paper as it has the key to ensuring that Central Station increase in revenue and by extension increase in development. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.0 Campaign goals and tracking. 1 1.1 General marketing aim of campaign and context The general aim of the program is to increase the reach out to customers by 40% in a year. The achievability of this goal lies in the sense that users of new media keep multiplying by the day and thus with digital marketing, the chances of increasing music artistes, especially up and coming ones coming to contact with the works of the company will be assured. 2 1.2 Product categories or services targeted Judging from the fact that the company is a media company and specifically a record label pr omotion company, the product and service categorization shall include the maximization of all components of digital marketing, which include banner advertising, search engine optimization (SEO) and pay per click services (Reitzin, 2007). 3 1.3 Sales and lead generation goals The sales of the company is sure to increase because lead generation features shall be created on the websites to allow accessibility of the company to reach as many people as possible. 10 2.0 Target audience, customer insight and targeting. As Miller (2010) notes, even with digital marketing, â€Å"the basic principles of marketing still apply: know your customer.† The first audience and customers shall be upcoming and existing musicians. As copyright laws ensure, a record label company cannot use the work of an artiste without the artiste’s due contingence (Gardner, 2003). The second target audience and customers shall be all music lovers and music users. This means that the core task and duty in record label marketing shall not be lost as Hutchison and Macy (2010) notes â€Å"Record Label Marketing offers a comprehensive look at the inner workings of record labels, showing how the record labels connect commercial music with consumers.† 11 3.0 Key campaign messages and offers 3.1 Fairness To a large extent, the digital marketing messaging shall portray and as a matter of applicability, ensure fairness for customers. Especially for music artistes, there shall be messaging that proof beyond every reasonable doubt that when decide to do business with the company and by extension allow the company to promote their music, they are going to have a fair deal when it comes to sharing of earnings. For music users, there shall also be special messaging on reduced cost of music use as compared to other companies would offer them. 3.2 Creativity The whole content of messaging shall be spiced with creative. This means that the appearance of all media of advertisement shall be bra nded with beauty and creativity. This shall be seen on websites, magazines and banners. There shall also be creativity with regards to accessibility of advertising media especially the use of internet based marketing media. 3.3 Inclusiveness Inclusiveness shall be trumpeted because it is an important offer for boosting customer growth (Ababio, 2003). The world over, economists and marketers have proved through

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

2 - Essay Example However, Etzioni claims that these jobs do not provide educational advancement due to their highly structured nature (Etzioni 303). The jobs offer many skills without considering the length of time the employees need to acquire these skills. In addition, there are evidences of many students dropping out of schools to take up the low-skill jobs on full-time basis. Supporters of teen jobs claim that the jobs help poor performing students in academic and those from lower-class families get income and some training. However, Etzioni refutes the claim by arguing that the jobs only perpetuate the students’ unfortunate statuses. Many teens in these part-time jobs also work for too long, approximately 30 hours per week. Hence, they lack enough time to attend to their schoolwork. Others also claim that teen jobs offer an opportunity for teens to learn teamwork and work under supervision. However, they tend to teach the wrong kind of compliance. Furthermore, the control is tight and inappropriate because most places of work try to save on cost by employing teens instead of an adult figure in the supervising position (Etzioni 305). Thus, the teens cannot get a chance of learning from an elderly, more knowledgeable, and stricter supervisor. Consequently, inappropriate teen values dominate in these places, fueling degradation of values among young sters. Additionally, parents cannot precisely evaluate the money that the youths receive. In most cases, the teens channel most of their earnings to purchasing youthful status symbols that cannot contribute to any meaningful developments. Etzioni’s essay clearly reflects some of the experiences I went through in paid teenage jobs. Most teen employments only provide an opportunity for students to escape responsibilities and school to gratify their desire to embrace the American adult consumerism. In one of my junior years in high school, I Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11 2 - Essay Example On the other hand, Immanuel Kant developed the Kantian ethics which refers to deontological ethical theory that was developed as a result of enlightenment rationalism which looks at the intrinsic value of an act. If the act is intrinsically good, then it can be decided that the act has good will in it and it can be adopted as a good act. Kant developed categorical imperatives which are commands that determine the actions that will be accepted or rejected in a given societal set up. In deciding whether to do an action or not, one must decide whether anyone else will choose your line of thought if faced by a similar dilemma. If the choice would be different then the action should not be done. One should also ensure that the action done is in respect to human beings and not just self-centred. The two theories have a number of things in common. First they uphold doing what is good to humanity. Unitarianism ensures that one evaluates the magnitude of the consequences and whether the positive results will out-weigh the negative ones. Kantian ethics emphasizes on the need to do good to the society and doing the actions that are not self-centred. On the contrary the actions done should always reflect on the betterment of the whole societies’ living. This means that the two theories ensures that the actions that individuals will do in a given situation must be analysed well and if the consequences will be positive to the individual and the society then it should be done. For instance, our leaders are often faced with situations where they have to make decisions that can either be of benefit to themselves or the whole society. Being the lawmakers in parliament, they can use their mandated powers to draft laws that can increase their salaries and benefits at the expense of the tax-payers money. In such a situation the decision to do such an act should be driven by an evaluation of the

Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Response - Assignment Example She goes ahead to introduce her role she plays in the family and reasons as to why she is the bread winner. Her description of their home district and the Capitol is organized in a chronological manner that it creates real images in the readers’ minds. The theme of suffering for pleasure or entertainment is an interesting one since this was the main method used by the government of Panem to show power and might among its citizens. However I also find that though the capitol people were enjoying the hunger games, the people from the other districts were slowly developing defiance and thus the theme of defiance to dictatorship. This is true when the writer describes how she feels about the government in the capitol. An example of this defiance is when the author says, â€Å"Eventually I understood this would only lead us to more trouble. So I learned to hold my tongue and to turn my features into an indifferent mask so that no one could ever read my thoughts†. (Page 6, Chapter 1). The â€Å"thoughts† that Katniss is talking about are those of wanting to defy the government just as she does when she humiliates the government by showing mercy to Rue when she dies which is against the rules of the game, as well as decorat ing her body. This is some form of silent rebellion which the government is unaware of. While the crowd is enjoying the killings, katniss uses the opportunity to show them that there is more than the deaths: she is ready to defy their rules for her

Strategic perpectives - THIS HAS TO BE IN REPORT FORM AND NOT ESSAY

Strategic perpectives - THIS HAS TO BE IN REPORT FORM AND NOT FORM - Essay Example The capabilities of individuals are enhanced through learning which requires assessment of the information gathered (Bolton, 2010). Confucius one of the most renowned Chinese thinker quoted that wisdom can be acquired through three methods. One is by assessment and reflection which is noble, second through imitation which is easy and convenient and lastly by experience which is the most toughest and bitter of them all. I consider that self-assessment and reflection are the most effective ways using which the barriers can be reduced. There are different road blocks which come in light through assessment. Through this, the things are tackled, and appropriate solutions are structured. The seminar in particular and the entire teachings of the Strategic Perspectives have helped me assess the things which are holding me back. The seminar on Mega Learning from October- December 2013 has not only enhanced the learning, but it has also enhanced the experience. Some experiences have been positive, and some have also been negative. However, to conclude both the experiences had some sort of value associated with them. The learning acquired through the seminar will surely benefit me with my career in the future. This will make accomplishing the common goals and encountering the challenges easier. In this assessment, the learning acquired as an individual along with the challenges faced as a group will also be discussed. This will be done by providing three critical incidents which arose during the training and the experience acquired as an individual and by the whole group. The assessment and review will assist in analyzing each of the situations independently. Through this, the actions taken, and their suitability in the particular situation can also be discussed. Discovering the realities and finding the core potential and standings of the individuals in the markets are the true forms through which the assessment can be done. In the self-reflection

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme Essay

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme (SAWP) in relation to employment and citizenship - Essay Example The employment for immigrant seasonal agricultural workers is fast rising as the industry expands. However, there had been many complaints of abuses and practices of inequality in the treatment of the seasonal-hired workers even if the manual tasks in the farm for the farm growers were rejected by Canadians and residents themselves. This paper will discuss how SAWP and non-citizenship of workers lead to practices of inequality and abuse. Discussion The SAWP has good intensions: to fill in the need for more workers for economic growth, and provide employment for foreigners who need them. They were chosen for gender (mostly males), have commitment at home or dependents to make them want to return (temporary) and from needy countries without lands to till and poor (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 297). However, many of these seasonal workers report negative experiences of inequality from their employers and local co-workers. The documentary film El Contrato of Min Sook Lee showed the stark condition of Mexican contract workers in Canada under the SAWP. The film through the accounts of several workers narrates allegations of exploitation to the point of slavery for these short-termed workers. Accusations ran from seven-days a week of continued work, taxed salaries which were said to be provided to them in full at $7/hour of work time, cramped living quarters, farm factory kitchens without chairs for dining, forced work more than the specified hours in their contract (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 298) and even reduced salaries. The film also showed how the workers sought to have dialogue with their employers and consulate, and sought help whichever way they can. However, despite the promises, the abusive practices of the workers’ supervisors of yelling, physical attack, reduced compensations, health hazards and accidents, lack of medical assistance, among others, were sustained. Preibisch and Ecalada Grez (297) spoke of other abuses on workers that include segrega tion of workers, and preference for majority of males for manual and work requiring carrying of loads, while females for fruit handling and packaging. These practices were seen to be reinforced by their status as non-migrants and non-citizens who have no legal option to become migrants and citizens. The SAWP was an answer to the refusal of residents and Canadians to tackle agricultural work for reasons of low wages, unsafe and unacceptable working conditions, its seasonal character, and poorly regulated labor environment (Sharma, 248). The farm jobs given the SAWP workers have been described as 3D- dirty, dangerous and difficult (Villegas, 9 Lecture notes). Another unacceptable practice is the lack of safety among workers such as the absence of information of the dangers posed by pesticide exposures, farm machineries and equipment. Seasonal workers are not aware that these are threats to their health. Where there was harm done, medical attention was also delayed if provided at all. Since, these workers live in the farm, their employers provide housing. However, most of these housing units were substandard (Lee, film; Sharma, 249). These has been seen to be promoted in part by Bill C-11 introduced in March 2001 of which there is increased security in Canadian borders, provision of flexible employment terms for

Attendance and Discipline Referrals Research Paper

Attendance and Discipline Referrals - Research Paper Example Literature Review Johnson and Lampley (2010) undertook a research to examine LISTEN (Linking Individual Students to Educational Needs) which is the mentoring program used at schools for identification of students at risk. The study adopted examination of LISTEN to evaluate its performance objectives and outcomes. LISTEN being a school program was sponsored by the district of East Tennessee to provide mentoring services to the students who need it the most. Johnson and Lampley (2010) took hold of the academic data from 2003-2005 to determine the post implementation effects of LISTEN on the grade 6 to 8 students. The study in detail focused on the relationship of discipline referrals, GPAs and attendance records of the students at risk. The study found that there was a clear difference between the rates of attendance, discipline referrals and the GPAs in pre and post implementation of LISTEN. This means that the students who are at risk need a mentoring program that can help them resol ve the problem of absenteeism and discipline referrals which eventually leads to improved GPAs. Sowell (2012) undertook a study to evaluate the relationship of school uniforms with the school attendance, achievement and discipline. The study used a causal and comparative study research design to determine the relationship. It collected data from the two high schools in the South West Georgia. One of the school had school uniforms as a compulsory element of education whereas the other did not have such restrictions. The study found that the school with uniforms had better attendance rate as well as fewer infractions of behavior as compared to the school without uniform. These schools... The paper focused on the influence of absenteeism and discipline referrals on the academic achievement of special students to understand the factors that greatly attract them towards absenteeism. It found that the special and disabled students are not involved in discipline referrals however, they tend to show absenteeism and lead to low academic achievement. The special schools implement models that encourage the students to remain regular and full on attendance. Thus, the factors like encouragement activities and regular programs motivate the special students to remain regular and active in their classes. The study showed that the students perform better when they undertake creative and active participation. Furthermore, the study found that the use of uniforms also encourages the students to attend the class and achieve higher grades in their academic career.

Etude House Essay Example for Free

Etude House Essay Introduction Etude House is a Korean cosmetic brand with a particular focus on fun makeup products offers creative and unique products characterized by sensational colours and the up-to-date trends. The brand was founded in 1966 and incorporated by Amore Pacific in 1990. Etude’s name was inspired by Polish Composer Frederic Chopin’s Studies for the piano. Their mission is to beautify young women through lovely products and friendly counseling, therefore, their products are more targeted towards the youth market. Etude House Singapore, had its grand opening in Singapore in June 2009. In recent years, the Korean wave, namely Hallyu, has entered and became rather popular here in Singapore, and Etude house itself being a Korean brand, uses Korean pop stars to market their products, attracting the masses of Hallyu fans. The company utilises on the few factors of Microenvironmental forces and Macroenvironmental forces and uses them to market their products to the market in Singapore. I will be looking into the few forces they are using to do so. Macroenvironmental Forces The macroenvironment consists of larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment. Two of the potential forces that affects the marketing of Etude House would be the market’s Cultural and Demographic forces. Cultural http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9781405131995_yr2012_chunk_g978140513199516_ss5-1 Korean pop culture does not have any religion or race attached to it, therefore, it appeals to most of the Singapore market’s secondary beliefs. Korean Pop culture, or Hallyu, has made its way into Singapore and became rather popular over the past 3 years. Young adults are influenced by Korean culture through Korean dramas and music. With reference to the above source, it cites that the strong Korean culture has made its way through the world, including Singapore, with its blockbuster movies, television programmes, its fashion as well as its music. Therefore, with these influence, Singapore becomes a potential location to market Etude house’s products, using the influence of Korean pop stars like the boy band Shinee, and Sandara Park from the popular girl band 2ne1, attracting the masses of young female adults mainly, to purchase their cosmetics. http://blog.korea.net/?p=10610 The above source describes how the Korean stars look so natural and beautiful onscreen and links it to the usage of products from Etude House, this way, they are able to influence their target market on trying out their products so they can look beautiful and natural too. Demographic As Etude House’s main target audience are female young adults, Singapore would deem to be a good location to market themselves. As the demographics of Singapore suggests, from http://www.indexmundi.com/singapore/demographics_profile.html, there is a large percentage of population aged 15 – 64, and out of these, more than half of them are females. This statistic greatly suits the target market of Etude House, therefore they are able to more effectively market their products to the needs of our population demographics. Microenvironmental Forces The Microenvironment consists of the actors and forces outside the marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. One of the forces that affects Etude House greatly is the customers. Customers Since Etude house originates from Korea and it has branched out into many parts of the world, including Singapore, it greatly relies on the consumer

The Roaring Twenties and the Prohibition

The Roaring Twenties and the Prohibition Roaring 20s Essay The 1920s were a time of tremendous change in America. It was a period of time called The Roaring Twenties, where America becomes urban and commercial and gets to know the speed, spending, mobility, entertainment and fearlessness. Separating the two wars( World War I and World War II), the 1920s followed significant events such as the sinking of the Titanic (1912), the invention of the stainless steel (1913) and the completion of the Panama Canal(1914), the first transatlantic flight (1927-Charles Lindbergh). Unfortunately, this period could not last forever; the 1930s soon led to the beginning of the World War II, a conflict that cost 6, 700, 000 civilian deaths in the Soviet Union alone. During the Twenties, new aspects of culture were established, the economy was prosperous, there was a widespread social reform, and people found a better way to enjoy their lives and improve their lifestyle. Most of the population preferred to move in urban areas rather than living at rural farms, the main reason being an agricultural depression (U.S lost agricultural markets in postwar Europe). Americans were making and spending more money. As well as having more money, Americans also had more free time because the labor movement reduced to only eight hours in a typical work-day. Furthermore, there were introduced more and more applications suited to the personal lives of individuals and available to a mass market (vacuum-cleaners, fridges, radios). Business taxes were low (presidents Harding, Coolidge and Hoover did not interfere in business) and import taxes were high (tariffs), protecting American industry. Also, advertising industry started to flourish and change: for example before, the producer announced the existence of a product in a dull, dry fashion, but in the 1920s, the producer persuades the public. During those years, people bought different appliances and cars, which gave them more free time and made their lives easier (Henry Ford uses TV newsreels to advertise the new model T). The number of cars increased quickly; in Chicago, in 1915, there was one automobile for 61 persons and in 1930, one for 8 persons. Ford offered big wages (5$/day), as he correctly assumed that mass production economy would eventually fail, unless workers were paid enough to buy the products they made. The main convenience of a private care in the 1920s was great mobility, followed by traveling for fun (rural people were now likely to spend the time in town and were less isolated), better employment possibilities, not only in the car industry, but also other industries such as rubber, steel, oil, glass. Education also increased, and by the 1920s many states passed laws requiring children to attend school, helping force children out of workplaces. Throughout the 1920s, people were more and more interested in music, the period was also called The Jazz Age. The core of jazz music was in Harlem; a musical form belonging to the South and played mostly by black people. From the most known jazz musicians we remember Louis Daniel Armstrong (1901-1971) from New Orleans, Louisiana. During the decade, a new woman was about to be created. Women smoked and danced and wore make-up. They were called flappers- because of their giddy attitude and their outer clothing(looking like a boy). Flappers mostly lived in cities, though, rural people read about them in magazines. In much of the U.S, women only read about flappers in magazines but many disapproved of flappers or would not dare to be so reckless. The 1920s were a prosperous time, but not for everyone. It was also a period of intolerance and isolationism. There were imposed new restrictions on immigration, minority groups were still being discriminated and the Ku Klux Klan was powerful in the South. In addition to this, because of having too much free time and influences of a new lifestyle, urbanization and modernization, the alcohol consumption became excessively. At first, the focus was the moderation of the consumption, but then turned to be a complete prohibition of alcohol. The Prohibition Prohibition (the noble experiment) had quite an effect on American life in the 1920s. People hoped that a result of the Prohibition would be the reducing of crimes and corruption, solving social problems, improving health and hygiene in America, creating a moral society; but it had the opposite effect. Drinking, transporting, making and selling alcohol became illegal and many found it to be exciting and glamorous so, illegal clubs sprang up where people could go socialize and drink. Over the years, a number of states passed anti-alcohol laws, and World War I helped the cause when grain and grapes (which most alcohol is made of) was needed to feed the troops. The fight against alcohol was also used against immigrants, portraying them as groups of alcoholics. Fundamentalists and protestant religious groups favored the liquor ban because it was considered that alcohol contributed to societys sins and evils, especially in cities. America stood at a crossroads between tradition and innovation. What was going to ban the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcohol was the Eighteenth Amendment of Constitution. The 18th Amendment was originally announced in Congress on June, 1917. It was sent to the Senate and in the same year, was passed to the House of Representatives. Moreover, in order to enforce the 18th amendment, it was created the Volstead Act, in 1919. Federal Prohibition Agents (they were about 3,000 agents) was to investigate who were about to sell and transport illegally alcohol; if they were found guilty, they were arrested. The same thing was in the case of owning any item designed to manufacture alcohol, to the guilty ones were applied specific fines and jail sentence(Making own beer will be difficult under new regime!). However, even if there were numerous reports of liquor clearing, the authorities missed confiscating several cases in May, 1926. Another one hundred twenty-five cases made it past the enforcement agencies in September, 1926 and one hundred twenty cases disappeared from a Canadian warehouse due for American shores in October, 1926. Speakeasies started to be popular and increased their number during the decade. They represented illegal bars selling alcohol. There was estimated over 100,000 speakeasies in New York City in the 1920s and it was the most popular way to obtain alcohol. Other ways of obtaining alcohol during the Prohibition: if was prescribed by a doctor, or secretly smuggling from other countries, such as Canada. Initially, many Americans supported the idea of Prohibition. It was thought that Prohibition will reduce the number of divorces, deaths, accidents and poverty. Supporters believed that drinking liquor was immoral. Nevertheless, there were a lot of different opinions about whether it was successful or not. Drinking was part of everyday life and people enjoyed being able to have alcohol when they wanted and they did not want the right to be taken away from them. Two of the most important supporters of Prohibition were Womens Christian Temperance Union and Anti-Saloon League. In Womens Christian Temperance Union, women were one of the main groups fighting for prohibition. Their efforts made prohibition attractive to many reformers and these women changed the opinions of many people. Reformers were also attracted to prohibition because they were able to take out many urban political bosses at the same time (since many bosses operated out of these saloons). The Anti-Saloon League was another prohibition powerhouse. The members from the league tried to get support from churches, law makers, business men and political figure heads in order to get the law passed. Prohibition and Gangsters (organized crime in the 1920s) Bootlegging became one of the most profitable business of those times. Illegal Saloons could be found all over larger cities and almost every city. The owners of these saloons produced their own homemade alcohol but also many imported it. Prohibition gave rise to huge smuggling operations, as alcohol slipped into the country through states like Michigan or on the Canadian border. One of the inherent dangers involved in the business of smuggling liquor was the possibility of a hijacking. Gangs fought for control over the speakeasies which created a lot of violence within the city. Mobsters and gangsters started to take an initiative in the demand for alcohol and saw a chance to make a huge profit. Even if gangsterism was dangerous, this was the easiest way of making money. Criminals got richer and gained more and more power; once they were armed with their guns, no one dared to stop them. If they were caught by police, they often bribed or killed the police. Also, they started bribing public officials; many lawmakers, judges and Prohibition Bureau members were all involved in various crime organizations. Not only the number of crimes increased, but crime was going to be organized. The business was profitable for everyone involved. They defended their high profits by murdering hundreds of their competitors and infiltrating legitimate businesses, labor unions, and government. Most of Mafia or gangs members were young immigrants. Criminals like Al Capone, John Dillinger, Jack Legs Diamond, Bugsy Siegel and Vito Genovese were headliners of the era. To summarize, I would say that the Prohibition was thought to be more moral but it did not realized its main goals. The ones who beneficiated were gangsters and other forces of government. Americans enjoyed drinking alcohol and they even broke the law to do so; as a result, the number of prisoners was larger. A consequence was the lack of respect for the law(was seen as something which was not important) and also lack of respect for religion, because preachers thought that alcohol is the main reason for societys sufferings. People also suffered, because making illegal alcohol was not so healthy; some of them were poisoned, went blind or even died.

The Nature Of Strategic Management Journal Commerce Essay

The Nature Of Strategic Management Journal Commerce Essay Strategic management is ideas and injunctions that enable the organization achieve its objective or long-term target to perform a better performance. The purpose of strategic management is to seek the opportunities for better future of the organization. Generally, good strategic management practices can improve the organization performance and achieve the organization target objectives. The strategies on an organization are made by the management itself to ensure the successful of the organization. The strategic management process consists of three stages which are strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation. 1. INTRODUCTION Today, there are many definitions of strategic defined by various authors and by refer to Mintzberg et al. (1998), the definition of strategic is universal and there is no single. The others author, Chandler (1962) as the American business historian is the first person that defined strategic as determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out those goals. In the context of construction, Channon (1978) defined strategy in term of the extent of diversification, international activity and acquisition policy. Mintzberg (1994) portrays strategy as a plan a direction, a guide or Strategic Management Practices in Malaysian Construction Industry 142 course of action into the future and as a pattern, that is, consistent in behavior over time. Strategic management has evolved into a more sophisticated and potentially more powerful tool (Stoney, 2001). The strategic management stages need a person who is competent to handle this process more effectively and to make sure that its success (Stahl and Grigsby, 1992). To ensure firm success and can overcome any barriers that occur during strategic management process, the top management of an organization must play their roles through involvement in the process, through dialogue and participation. The aim purpose of the process is to achieve the understanding and commitment from top management and employees. 2. Strategic Management in General STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN GENERAL There are many definitions that are defined by various authors. According to David (1997) strategic management is the art and science of formulating, implementing, evaluating cross functional decision that enable organization to achieve its objectives. Wheelen and Hunger (1984) say that strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of an organization. It includes environmental scanning (both external and internal), strategy formulation (strategic or long-range planning), strategy implementation and evaluation and control. Wheelen and Hunger (2003) noted that people at all levels, not just top management, need to be involve in strategic management; scanning the environment for critical information, suggesting changes to strategies and programs to take advantage of environment shifts, and working with others to continuously improve work methods, procedures, and evaluation techniques by working with other people in the organiz ation. 3. FINDINGS Stages in Strategic Management Strategy Formulation The first phase is strategy formulation. Certo and Peter (1991) stated that strategy formulation want to ensure that the organization achieve the objectives that they have been made. David (1997) said that strategy formulation includes the decision on what business to conduct, how to allocate the resources, and whether want the business join or enter to international market. Besides, David also stated that strategy formulation phase includes developing a vision and mission, identifying an organization external opportunities and threats, determining internal strength and weaknesses, establishing long-term objectives, generating alternative strategies, and choosing the best alternative strategy to be pursue. He also said that issues in strategic management includes deciding what new business to enter, what business to abandon, how to allocate resources without hostile takeovers, whether to expand operations or diversity, whether to merge or form a joint venture, whether to enter intern ational markets and how to avoid a hostile takeover. ROLES OF INTELLIGENCE IN STRATEGY FORMULATION Good intelligence is not necessarily going to make a great strategy while successful strategies are derived from good intelligence concerning a companys total business environment including the competition. There is some intelligence role in strategy formulation. Among them are: Describing the Competitive Environment. Intelligence analysis must to carry out their responsibilities, so that the company can compete with the challenging environment over time. Besides that, intelligence should also determine the causes of the companys competitive environment, including competitors, customers, products, the structure of the industry in which they all perform, and the type of competition, such as price performance, and technology. Forecasting the Future Competitive Environment Intelligence department can provide predictions of future business for the company, especially in the competitive environment in which the company is likely to find itself. Business intelligence estimate is the most appropriate intelligence products to reflect the competitive environment in the future, as being one entirely different from the business environment that it competes in today. Identifying and Compensating for Exposed Weaknesses. Companys own weaknesses and vulnerabilities can be identify and assess by using intelligence department. Usually when a company is about to launch a new strategy or enter a market or business that it has never participated in before, this ability is particularly valuable because the competition is likely to have assessed the newcomers strengths and weaknesses and will exploit those weaknesses that are truly vulnerabilities. Before entering the new business arena, companies must be aware of his own weaknesses before the occurrence of a competition. This is to ensure that the company is always ready to take corrective action or formulate new strategies so that the company is not affected. Using Intelligence to Implement and Adjust Strategy to the Changing Competitive Environment. After the new strategy have been designed and tested, then it goes through two distinct phases of implementation. Initial implementation of the first phase is when competitors began to detect and respond to the strategys salient features. While the second phase is developing a more complete and appropriate set of actions to counter your strategy. The intelligence that you gather during both distinct phases of implementation are critical to the long-term viability of your new strategy because comprehensiveness, timeliness, objectivity and analysis are required in these two phase. Few US companies are capable of managing such effective business intelligence operations and thus formulating the appropriate ongoing business plans necessary to continually adjust their strategy to the changing competitive environment. DESIGNING A STRATEGY FORMULATION PROCESS FOR NEW, TECHNOLOGY-BASED FIRMS: A KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH When open innovation models are being introduced in the industry, innovative firms must taking more and more open forms, so that a firm can create the innovation process in a knowledge-based society. In addition, the firm also can   build porous borders to incorporate their own knowledge and competencies with others. The first step is to identify useful knowledge among employees and stakeholders of the NTBF (new technology based firm), so that they do not require further discussion. However, in the external environment, identify useful knowledge is not as easy as I thought. There are several questions that must be answered to proceed from knowledge identification to transfer knowledge :- Who has the requested knowledge? This question is more relevant when searching among the members of the NTBF but also a who knows the whereabouts of the requested knowledge? which is more relevant when the requested knowledge lies outside the firm. What are our relations with the actor holding the requested knowledge? Question like this is to identify ways to strengthen ties in the relation with the actor/partner holding the requested knowledge. What drives this relationship? Is it based on friendship, a strategic alliance, a mutually-beneficial business relationship, or a potential partnership etc.? What is the nature of the requested knowledge? The third question is related to the knowledge complexity that determines the ability to accomplish the knowledge transfer because it is has to be regarded within the framework of a specific knowledge transaction, between specific persons in a specific context. How can we transfer this knowledge and what is the compensation requested for this transfer? The fourth question related to the readiness of the owner knowledge to share knowledge because knowledge transfer process cannot be determined in advance, and this depends on the complexity of knowledge and the absorptive capacity of the recipient to make the transfer. Apart from compensation, are there additional costs associated with the transfer? The fifth question tries to examine the non-monetary cost associated with the transfer of knowledge. As mentioned earlier, a NTBFs resources are limited and valuable and the cost to absorb a knowledge transfer might prove costly in terms of man days of key members of the NTBF. Does this knowledge transaction contribute to the formation of a collaborative competitive advantage? The final question concerns the examination of the probability that this knowledge transaction is part of the formation of a knowledge-based strategic alliance forming a sustainable competitive advantage that is difficult to imitate. Strategy Implementation The second phase is strategy implementation. In this phase, Sharplin (1995) said that all the organization activities or business strategies must be based on the strategic plan made. Organization must establish the objectives and policies of the company so that all the employees know what they should do to achieve the company objectives. Besides, the company also needs to do something to ensure that all the employees are motivated to do the job, and resources need to be allocating to execute formulated strategies. Effective strategy implementation is really important to the organization. Based to Certo and Peter (1991), effective strategy implementation is really important to get the benefits of performing an analysis of organizational, establishment of organizational direction and formulating. APPRAISING THE ROLE OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN EXPORT PERFORMANCE: A CASE FROM MIDDLE EAST They are various point of views to define and describe the strategy implementation. Strategy implementation may be define as a process inducing various forms of organizational learning, because both environmental threats and strategic responses can make something happen for organizational learning processes (Lehner, 2004). Strategy implementation is a combination process of implementing strategies, policies, programs and action plans that helps a firm to take the benefits of opportunities in the competitive environment by using wisely and usefully its resources (Harrington, 2006). Strategy implementation is also can be described that the companies can identify the future opportunities as a lively process (Schaap, 2006). On the field of studies in strategy implementation, it must be done with the international perspective. In Hrebiniak conceptual framework there are some suggestion about the key factor for strategy implementation which include of leadership, facilitating global learni ng, developing global managers, having a matrix structure and working with external companies for international environment. Besides that, there are other framework introduced by Yip, that involved organizational structure, culture, people and managerial process (Okumus, 2003). There are two groups of variables which is operational (budgeting, structure) and managerial (culture, leadership) that had been identify in this study of measuring the strategy implementation. STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL During an action, strategy implementation is a managing forces and focuses on efficiency. It is primarily an operational process, requires special motivation and leadership skills and requires the combination among many individual. There are some several of issues that involve in strategy implementation which is : Strategies are not lead to action and have to be activated through implementation. Plan should be lead in strategies. Result of plan in different kind of programmes. Formulation of projects must lead to programmes. Separate allocation of fund is requires and it must be completed within a time given. The needed infrastructure for the day-to-day operations create of Projects create within an organization. Strategies implementation is not limited to formulation of plans, programmes, and projects. Resources would require in projects. After it has been provided, it would be essential to see a proper organizational structure is designed, systems have been installed, devised the functional policies, and various behavioural inputs are provided to make sure the plans may work. Below is the issues in strategy implementation that are to be considered : Project implementation Procedural implementation Resource allocation Structural implementation Functional implementation Behavioural implementation THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN EFFECTIVESTRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION: PERCEPTIONS OF SOUTH AFRICAN STRATEGIC LEADERS The effectiveness and importance of strategy implementation In some of organizations from South African, it was found that the strategy implementation is more important than strategy formulation and can be see that the ability to implement a strategy in an organisation is more likely important than the ability to formulate a strategy in an organisation. Strategy implementation can be more difficult than the strategy formulation. This study was founded that the effectiveness of strategy implementation in South African organizations can help the organisation to gain the effectiveness of organisation. It can show that, the strategy implementation more effectiveness to be used it within the organisation. Barriers to effective strategy implementation There are some barriers to achieve the effectiveness of strategy implementation : The workforce are poorly to understanding of the strategy and the most of important barriers to effective strategy implementation is there are an ineffective communication of the strategy among the workforce Another major barrier to an effective strategy implementation is strategic leadership is not perceived. Drivers of strategy implementation The importance of the drivers of strategy implementation : The most important driver of strategy implementation is strategic leadership. Strategic leadership contributes positively to the effective implementation of a strategy within an organization Many all of authors stated that the key of strategy implementation is strategic leadership (Hrebiniak 2005; Collins 2001; Useem 1998, 2001; Locke Kirkpatrick 1991; Freedman Tregoe 2003; Hitt et al. 2007; Hsieh Yik 2005; Bossidy Charan 2002; Thompson Strickland 2003; Hussey 1998; Kaplan Norton 2004). In fact, the effectiveness of strategy implementation is based on the strategic leaders of the organisation and to get the effectiveness to implementing strategy within the organisation, it is only through effective strategic leadership. (Hitt et al. 2007). The role of strategic leadership actions in strategy implementation The most important role in effective strategy implementation is the strategic leadership. The other of the important roles in strategy implementation is development of human capital, the exploitation and maintenance of core competencies. The development of social capital is the strategic leadership action is to play the least important role in effective strategy implementation. Strategy Evaluation The last phase of this management process is evaluation. Weiss (1972) define the purpose of evaluation as measuring the effects on given task whether it is according to the goals and objective of the organization. Thus, an improvement or corrective action should be taken after the evaluation has been made. It is really important to use a SWOT analysis to figure out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for both external and internal factors. This may require taking certain precautionary measures to change the entire strategy. Research methodologies need to be used to quantify the outcome from the evaluation against the goals that has been made to create a success. Weiss agree that goals are really important in an evaluation to improve the performance. Evaluation done by reviewing current strategies, measure the performance and take the corrective actions. The need of an evaluation is to know the success of the organization. Certo and Peter (1991) stated that the evalua tion needs information about strategic performance to compare it with existing standards. Balanced scorecard (BSC) is an example of one of the popular approaches to evaluate the organization performance. It was first introduced by Kaplan and Norton (1992. 1996a). The BSC typically is a method that allows an organization to indicate its vision, develop and communicate a strategy to achieve the established vision and convert the developed strategy into action. 4. Conclusion In general, strategic management can be used to determine mission, vision, values, goals, objectives, roles and responsibilities. Strategic management is important in the organization to know the objectives and the aim of the organizations. The nature of strategic management also involve about the process or stages. This study was focused on the strategic management process. Strategic management process has three stages which is strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation. The strategic management process is becoming more widely used by small firms, large companies, nonprofit institutions, governmental organizations, and multinational conglomerates alike. It represents a logical, systematic, and objective approach for determining an organizations future direction. All the three stages of the process were important for all the organization. This is because those process are more likely as a guideline to the organization to manage their organization. Without a proper strategy the successful and the effectiveness cannot be occur. A good strategist plans and controls his or her plans, whereas a bad strategist never plans and then tries to control people. We can conclude that the strategy is important within the organization which as a direction for organization to manage their management. Without a strategy, an organization is like a ship without a rudder, going around in circles. Its like a tramp; it has no place to go. Joel Ross and Michael Kami

Pre 1914 Poetry Comparison: Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Charge Of The :: English Literature

Pre 1914 Poetry Comparison: Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Charge Of The Light Brigade, and Wilfred Owen, Dulce Et Decorum Est 1) The Charge Of The Light Brigade Tennyson was prompted to write this poem after reading an article in the Times newspaper about the charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson's main motive for writing this poem seems to be to celebrate the bravery of the troops. Tennyson appears to be a patriot. He concentrates on the brave way the soldiers went into near certain death and only makes one mention of the complete cock-up made by the generals. Rather than concentrate on the mistakes made he sticks with celebrating what the soldiers did 'When can their glory fade?' he asks. The use of the rhetorical is almost challenging you to disagree with his opinion of the soldiers' bravery. Tennyson uses a lot of things like onomatopoeia, repetition and alliteration. He uses repetition to try and show, in words, the confusion of the battle. An example of this is 'Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them'. He uses all of these things to try and create imagery of the battle, to help try and imagine what the battle was like. However what he doesn't do is he doesn't personalise he always generalises. He gives you a picture of the battle without actually giving accounts of the actions of the men. The pace of the poem is the same all the way through except for one point at the end of the fourth verse. For most of the poem the pace is quite fast, with a rhythm comparable to the clatter of horses hooves (on purpose or by accident?). But near the end of the fourth verse, after speaking of the battle and the slaughter of many men, the pace slows for about one line. 'Then they rode back, but not, Not the six hundred.' The pause between 'back' and 'but' is cleverly used to emphasise the loss of life. An image that recurs a lot in the poem is personification of the valley into which the Light Brigade rode into some kind of monster, a devourer of human life. The phrases 'the jaws of Death' and 'mouth of Hell' are used more than once, an important piece of imagery. Alfred Lord Tennyson did not have first hand experience of the battle and it shows in the poem. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is very generalised, with the word 'them' constantly being used. No actions or fate of any specific soldier is mentioned; it's always soldiers rather than soldier. My personal reaction to his poem is that it would have been better for

The Persian Gulf War: A view through the themes of individual and society :: Essays Papers

The Persian Gulf War: A view through the themes of individual and society The Persian Gulf War began in 1990 when Iraqi forces invaded the border of Kuwait. The United States led a coalition of forces between other countries eventually ending the war in 1991.1 The Persian Gulf War made many people of different backgrounds suffer by starvation, malnutrition and disease. The Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, was the main cause for this suffering. Problems between Iraq and Kuwait started when Kuwait gained their independence and gained protection from British. Iraq did not want to recognize Kuwait as a separate country because Iraq believed that Kuwait was in their territory. Iraq and Kuwait were both part of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century, and Iraq thought Kuwait was still a province from the South of Iraq.2 Oil became the main problem that led to war. Iraqi leaders blamed Kuwait for pumping oil from Iraqi territory, and for not paying revenues for the oil taken out. Since Iraq had debts with Kuwait, Iraq then started harassing Kuwait. Another accusation Iraq placed on Kuwait was that Kuwait was pumping too much oil. According to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), there is a limit of oil extraction on every country.3 All of these complaints led then to war. Kuwait did not want any confrontation and Iraq was not there to take any land away but to intimidate Kuwait. Talks between them did not help and invasion took place in August 2, 1990, when Iraq started mobilizing towards adjoining borders.4 On February 26, 1991 the war was, if not in its end, but to close to the defeat of the Iraqis by the coalition led powerfully by the United States. Public communication mainly by radio in Iraq told the contrary but not even its own people could belief victory but they all accepted defeat. Statistics showed that 148 Americans were dead, and 467 wounded. Many of these deaths or injuries were result of friendly fire. According to New York Times of September 1990, 200,000 Iraqis died.5 The main task for the world and the coalition was to stop Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s Mandatary.

Essay on Morality in Dante’s Inferno, Hamlet, The Trial, and Joyce’s Th

Changing Morality in Dante’s Inferno, Hamlet, The Trial, and Joyce’s The Dead  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Everyone remembers the nasty villains that terrorize the happy people in fairy tales. Indeed, many of these fairy tales are defined by their clearly defined good and bad archetypes, using clichà ©d physical stereotypes. What is noteworthy is that these fairy tales are predominately either old themselves or based on stories of antiquity. Modern stories and epics do not offer these clear definitions; they force the reader to continually redefine the definitions of morality to the hero that is not fully good and the villain that is not so despicable. From Dante’s Inferno, through the winding mental visions in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, spiraling through the labyrinth in Kafka’s The Trial, and culminating in Joyce’s abstract realization of morality in â€Å"The Dead,† authors grapple with this development. In the literary progression to the modern world, the increasing abstraction of evil from its classic archetype to a foreign, supernatural en tity without bounds or cure is strongly suggestive of the pugnacious assault on individualism in the face of literature’s dualistic, thematically oligopolistic heritage. In analyzing this gradient of morality, it is useful first to examine a work from early literature whose strong purity of morality is unwavering; for the purposes of this discussion, Dante’s Inferno provides this model. It is fairly straightforward to discover Dante’s dualistic construction of morality in his winding caverns of Hell; each stern, finite circle of Hell is associated with a clear sin that is both definable and directly punishable. As Dante moves downwards in this moral machination, he notes that Like lies with like in every h... ...akespearean Criticism. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1984. 234-7. Fort, Keith. â€Å"The Function of Style in Franz Kafka’s ‘The Trial’.† Sewanee Review 72 (1964): 643-51. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Dennis Poupard and Paula Kepos. Vol. 29. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1988. 198-200. Joyce, James. Dubliners. Ed. Robert Scholes. New York, Penguin/Viking, 1996.    Kafka, Franz. The Trial. Trans. Willa and Edwin Muir. New York: Schocken Books, 1992.    Ruskin, John. â€Å"Grotesque Renaissance.† The Stones of Venice: The Fall. 1853. New York: Garland Publishing, 1979. 112-65. Rpt. in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1989. 21-2. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. T. J. B. Spencer. New York: Penguin, 1996.         

Jardi tancat Essay

Nacho Duato uses several motifs in Jardi Tancat to establish intent in his work. His work is based on Catalonian folk tales collected and sung by Maria Del Mar Bonet, to express the poor Catalonian people’s communal hardships, struggles and desperation as they cyclically farm the land. Duato has portrayed this intent through many motifs such as, curved lines and gestural action motifs. He has then manipulated these motifs through each section to unify the work as a whole. One motif frequently shown throughout the piece is the use of curved lines. This is shown in the opening silence section as all six dancers are waking from a low, hunched over crouch on their knees with hands rested out in front portraying their fatigue. Then in unison, they make a sudden jump with a forceful dynamic to a two-footed, curved stance with their hands clasped at the lower back to convey them supporting their back from the aches and pains. They then slide the hands down towards the back of the knees arching the spine in reference to stretching, as knees invert, they release their arms and curve upwards in a sustained motion repeating three times. The rounded and hunched movements portray the physical strain of their daily routines of cycling work has on their body and high releases reflecting the intent of faith and prayer in the work. A manipulation of this curved motif is shown later on in section one in unison with their arms resting on another to further establish the intent of communal connectedness. As they stand side by side in two parallel lines in the back corner facing upstage, by rolling and pulsating their spines they resemble the support they have for one another in the community throughout their hardships and sorrow. Gestural movements are incorporated throughout Jardi Tancat. One of the motifs include ‘sowing’ or seed planting action, which involves a low, curved line of the spine again to emphasize the straining work. Hunched over with a slumped dynamic determining the draining work, the dancers travel laterally across the space with heavy, limping ‘step-cross’ footwork. This pathway is performed in unison in the opening silent section, indicating planting endless rows of crops. As they travel diagonally, their sagged,  contracted back emphasizes the physical burden on the body. This is also evident through the angular-shaped arm bent above their head, supporting the back, whilst the other arm is stretched with fingertips skimming across the floor ‘planting the seeds’. This motif is later on manipulated and shown in the fourth section ‘Out of the Fields!’ Repeating the movement, however working in cannons with efficient shuffling dynamic. Neat, and smoothness of the rows is no longer required as speed is all that’s needed to get the tiring chore done. This motif is repeated and manipulated throughout Jardi Tancat to represent the cyclic nature of their daily lives. The curved lines and gestural motifs used within Nacho Duato’s work ‘Jardi Tancat’ implement the intent of his work. These motifs are then further manipulated using space, time and dynamics to further establish meaning and expand intent of his work. Nacho Duato is then able to successfully and clearly display the continuous communal hardships that Catalonian farmers endure everyday through these motifs.

Should Animals Be Used in Medical Research?

Should animals be apply in medical search? The use of animals in labo snoopory research is a truly comfortably known debate. Many pot wonder if the animals atomic reduce 18 treated well and if they argon taken c be of the right expression however, if medical and scientifical experimentation were done in only human trials the knowledge and grounds of how do drugss and procedures basin affect human would be decades behind. That is why the use of animals in experimentation is a necessity in site to continue advancing medicine and science.Animals vex a gritty reproductive prise and are docile to breed. Animals have the corresponding organs and tissues as humans do making them a good match. Animals that are used in experimentation are generally small and are free to keep and feed. It is the best way to nonice the effects of substances in a financial support body because animals are very easy to breed and yield a high amount of offspring. A higher phone number of off spring allows for a greater number of experiments or trials to be performed at a time.The greater the number of trials that endure be performed will increase the data that can be collected to increase the trueness of the trial. If a drug was tested on humans and the first two raft to take the drug died, chances are the drug would be discontinued and research unopen down, even if the oddments were only coincidence. By having a big sample size of animals that can test the effects to set how bleak the drug is and determine how it can be improved. Even if many experiments have evaluate results the effects of a drug could be wide spread.This is why using animals as a match for humans is advantageous because it allow scientists to observe the effects on living tissue under controlled chance in many subjects, and collect grab data so the margin of fault can be made as small as possible. The ability to see the consequences of drugs on animals its success rate because it avoids dea th of many people who could be used as subject. Without using animals in research labs, our progression with medicine and medical sciences would unwind down dramatically.Every day new medicines and practices are coming out that, without the help of animals, would never make it to us. They might make it to us, solely only after blindly interrogation on random human volunteers that could mayhap die just as comfortably from the testing as a rat would if used in the humans smear To sump, I would say that many of the medications and procedures that we soon use today wouldnt come through and the development of future treatments would be extremely limited. Animal testing is the right way to test products. Animals have the right to continue their own life and we are not allowed to mess around with them just because we can.

Body soul destinction Essay

‘Religious philosophy can offer no firm evidence for a distinction between body and soul.’ Discuss.Humans appear to have both a body and a mind, the body which is related to physical movements and appearances. And the mind which relates to feelings and emotions, qualia.This it is distracted by earthly wants and desires.Plato old saw the body and soul as two separate entities. The soul that most closely resembles the eminent divine and immortal. While the body resembles the human and mortal, which is endlessly changing and can be broken down. Plato was not trying to suggest the soul was perfect as it joined the body which it is inhibited by, however, he explains that by taking care of the soul the person can develop knowledge.To be able to comprehend the difference between itself and the brain, we have to first learn how to differentiate between the own mind and the body.

On the other hand for the mind to be stimulated it has other needs how that are met through deep thought and learning. However, there is a flaw to Plato’s theory, how can you have two completely different substances that are the same thing? Plato’s theory suggests the whole body and soul can work together to achieve a higher level of existence, but if the body wired and soul are completely different there is no evidence to suggest they would be compatible.Another dualist, Aquinas took a more more religious view of dualism. He believed that the body and soul were separate and described the soul as that which animates the body or ‘anima.Humans have the soul that is the rational soul.Evidence for religious views on the soul come extract from the bible.Within the new testament, there are stories of Jesus’ resurrection that suggest dualism. Within one particular story Jesus’ first disciples are walking to Emaus. Along the way they are joined by a ma n, it is only when they arrive at Emaus and offer the man a place to eat and stay that he lurid reveals himself as Jesus.His theory is difficult to comprehend.

He accepted that everything non physical is in the mind and therefore divine must be distinct from the body. The mind according to Descartes is non – spatial and is distinct from material and bodily substances.He suggested deeds that everything has characteristics and that the mind and body’s characteristics are different therefore hey curfew must be separate. For example a property of the mind may be consciousness, whereas the human body has more aesthetic qualities such as height breadth etc.Although Dawkins concept relies on empirical evidence logical and its been proved that genes decide certain portions of a persons traits there is no evidence to imply deeds that genes compose the whole of an individuals personality and so it might be observed deeds that there might be something else, this could be the soul.† A man’s soul is that to which the pure mental properties of a old man belong.† Richard Swinburne developed a dualist view based on th e soul being indestructible and indivisible. Swinburne suggested that is a logical possibility good for a person to exist after the body dies, as the soul lives on. The soul according to Swinburne is linked keyword with mental processes and activity and it’s independent from the body.Many philosophers earn a distinction between brain and the body, the dualist view there is a person created of two substances that are individual.

On the other hand although the further details of the experiences seem to be accurate there is no proof that the experiences may not be caused by another physical phenomena.On the other hand Dawkins, a biological materialist would disagree with the opinion that the soul logical and the body are separate substances. Dawkins bases his theory on evolution and genetics. He would reject any concept of an eternal soul and therefore rejects dualism.Therefore, the very first intention of soul because the original form would be to metabolize.Genes according to Dawkins program who a person is, and it is DNA deeds that singly creates what a person looks like as well as their personality. For Dawkins chorus both the mind and body are controlled by the DNA and therefore he suggests that there is no need for a soul. Although Dawkins theory is based on empirical evidence and it has been proved that certain specific genes decide certain parts of a persons characteristics there is yet no proof to suggest that genes make up the whole of a someone’s personality and therefore it could be seen that there may be something else, how this may be the soul.John Hick has formed a view of religious materialism.Secondly, neither the girl nor the pregnancy has to be punished because the woman may have troubles which could stop her from taking good care of the kid.

This replica is the same person however, whilst they cannot exist at the same time. According to Hick at the same time that when a person dies a replica of them is created by God. how This is a way of preserving personal identity after death. The evidence for religious materialism is based on the resurrection of Jesus.According to Hick at the time if he dies a copy of them that is made by God.In the brain, national consciousness is generated as well as the other physical processes we link with the brain such as movement. further Evidence for this is put foreward in â€Å"the philosophy files†. Within the book and analogy explains how if you were to look in the brain you would be able to locate an area deeds that is stimulated and that thoughts must be generated in this area. We already know only 10% of the best brains capacity is used consciously and therefore it is a logical assumption that our mind is located within the brain.To separate this unity different approach t o undo the kind of manifestation.

Gattaca Film Study Essay

Gattaca is practic exclusivelyy portrayed as a following painting. A require contract is delimitate as a persona that is on a tour or embark with an supreme culture in disposition of complemental a projection or to come up an intent of signifi freighterce. (Merriam-Webster, 2012) The avocation lots involves over advance ch all toldenges and to do this the picture curb something virtually him/her-self and this frankincense support them on their point. macrocosm a invite film, Gattaca sh bes umpteen an otherwise(prenominal) theatrical functionistics that argon very much name in other photographic films of a alike(predicate) genre. Examples of these allow in Pirates of the Caribbean and In Time. Pirates of the Caribbean, is t unrivaled-time(a) with the admirer as lord old salt h asperity sparrow on a bespeak to serve considerably him go immortality. The characters in twain(prenominal) Pirates of the Caribbean and Gattaca divvy up m e ach standardized traits they be both subsequently a powerfully craved lowest stage and allow tug the obligatory risks to succeed. Gattaca, gentleman produced in 1997, had legion(predicate) slice edge ideas with such(prenominal) fancy stellar(a) managers of the time.It was jell in what was though the non so yonder upcoming of at present would shade like. It gives us an penetration into a origination ground ab tabu the genetically superior, where genes be all that number. The briny character Vincent freewoman has day-dreamingt of turn an cosmonaut his unanimous smell save, collectible to organism c at unrivaled timeived of shape and receiving a cargoner prevision of 30 years. He is manakin deflection in society, tagged a discharge and re fail. Vincent in brief learns he volition neer be commensurate to move earlier in heart to action his dream Vincent routines a Borrowed take to the woods from a temper named Jerome Eugene Morro w, who is a sick of(p) due(p) to an possibility overseas. The terminus a Borrowed running play comes as the title-holder Vincent dumbfounds the livelihood of Jerome thus utilize his ain identity operator element. afterward months of sp be care, educational activity and changes to his looks, Vincent enters the Aero quad fellowship cognise as Gattaca. Impersonating Jerome, freeman becomes the ph unitaryrs cover song sailing master with a amend record and overbold intend by functionals clayey and working laboured to hang in his square identity a enigmatical he is elect to go on a man infiniteflight to Saturns woolgather Titus, however complications arise. wiz workweek to begin withhand de adjournure, when 1 of the managing directors is bludgeoned to death. An shut-ins visibleness Vincents old identity, is overt by investigators and this threatens to stake his chances of issue to titan. aft(prenominal) managing to neutralize world caught by victimisation precautions such as placing samples of deoxyribonucleic acid supplied by Jerome approximately Gattaca and regular(a) out receiving assist from a new(a) lady, Irene with whom Vincent develops feelings for. He ends up at long net loss man on due course for Titan. Pirates of the Caribbean on weird Tides (2011)Pirates of the Caribbean on exotic Tides (2011)The Pirates of the Caribbean serial publication are other company of signal p prevailic films unfastened by introducing the terminus of the main character, maitre d tar hedge sparrow. He is endlessly on a necessitate in anticipate for own(prenominal) well prospect and benefits. He uses his friends end-to-end these legion(predicate) adventures, and alike Gattaca, the hero is fit to fall upon his ingest desires. During Gattaca, Vincent is aid on some(prenominal) occasions, one beingness when Irene hides his accredited identity from the political science to aid him drop his finish ing/mission. Irene does this I calculate because she can understand where he is coming from as she has individualized perplex scurvy in a world where genes are boththing. The mental picture ends with Vincent victoryfully do it onto the space deal headed to Titan the conclusion hits a thought of success solely subtly hints to qabalistic distress with two assembly lines, They secernate every soupcon in our bodies was once part of a maven and by chance Im not leaving, perchance Im divergence bag.The plastic film reaches a approach when Vincent is or so find by his sidekick (the preeminent researcher on the case), further manages to return bypast this by revealing his pal that he of all time gave cx pct. The need is completed, as shown in Pirates of the Caribbean, when chief mother fucker Sparrow last manages to land the better of a utmost restriction and find oneself self-control of his costly ship, the scandalous Pearl. This is only the resembling in Gattaca with Vincent overcoming the final trouble of his identity acquiring potentially exposed by a health check examiner give him one last affair pissing test. It is shown through a saucer-eyed line that the examiner has cognize his significant identity all along. He come upons his cultivation and boards the space vehicle without any advertize jobs Vincent achieving this death shows to us that no matter what ones, s pateping point or dreams are, overcoming the problems you are face up with allow for finally serve you in achieve it.Gattaca is a proper practice session of a seek movie because it distinctly explains what the finis of the champion is and once it has establish this, it shows how he overcame his legion(predicate) problems to achieve an supreme goal. at that sit are many an(prenominal) attractions for the hearing with many surplus take techniques and tense turns utilizing a eonian commence to add depression and drama. in that location is a particular image in the movie where Vincent is meant to be at mob sick but instead is otiose to be there so he tells Jerome to impersonate him. in that respect is a problem with this, as to cleared the entre and approach the detective, Jerome must backing a footmark case. Without the use of his legs Jerome finds this a altercate because he is a paraplegic. The incredulity builds as Jerome struggles up the stairs, step on it to get to the drop dead before the detectives reach the door.As you would expect, one last moment exertion from Jerome manages to have got the detectives from discovering who he rattling is. Irene plays a spanking role in this persuasion by performing as if Jerome is Vincent, when she herself is only adept conclusion out the truth. Overall, Gattaca is an clarified example of what a pick up film should include. It has a sinewy trading floor and the director utilizes many techniques with the music, touchwood and even photographic camera angles to top it off. The relay transmitter overcomes challenges his genes as a place brand for him in society, close go discover as an Invalid and a companion who is beside to exposing his secret. I turn over that the quest, his personal dream of traveling into space is worthy as he learns about himself tour doing it.

Alcohol Abuse Rehabilitation

Sojourners recuperation and Becket Springs ho subr step upine options such(prenominal) as cognitive behavi spoken exam Therapy and pharmacological options that do summation the likelihood of stoppage abstentious by and by give-and-take. election methods of word at these centers, such as stylostixis, need non been proven to be telling at promoting methodration, to a great fulfilwork forcet oer whitethorn divine redevelop workforcet to travel sezession symptoms. In concomitant to recruiting in a replenishment plat variate at a unresolved inst in anying, the unmarried should strain come to the fore jut off from his or her family members, as this pull up stakes t suitable service the unmarried whole t iodine at with the colossal distort on of bragging(a) up sousing beverageic make merryic drink. intoxi stomachtic beverageic drink has a grand and glorious story in non however Ameri advise culture, nevertheless in legion(pred icate) several(predicate) put ination cultures as wellhead. Its purpose in beverages is believed to take a shit begun nigh 10,000 age ago when civilizations in antediluvian Persia and the shopping center east produced a fermented make whoopie from love make and monstrous yeasts (An d give birthpour drink invoice Timeline, 2011). Wine, beer and hard drink would at last travel on (in that read), as legion(predicate) societies enjoyed the lift up idiosyncratical give(prenominal) define up of the medicate.During the xixth deoxycytidine monophosphate in the united States, the intermediate Ameri weed drank 7 g e really(prenominal)ons of excellent intoxi advisetic beverageic drinkic beverage per figure of instruction (What in Americas History, 2005). This rearing inebriation conduct to easing movements and re multifariousnessers that pushed for topical anesthetic anesthetic and interior(a) prohibition. roots such as the Womens Christian so briety legal jointure (WEST) would at presbyopic last impinging with the Anti- pothouse unify and form a goodish federation that strike officials to relation suffer and shake off thrust on the political relation to break barrier (What in Americas History, 2005).The ruminate suppression mo was afterward enacted in 1920, outlawing the manu featureure, sale, or pane of intoxicantic beverage. The human action was repealed 13 old age later on in 1933, hardly(prenominal) the subject matter was clear the meats of intoxicant were seen by 2(prenominal) as base and destructive, and these effects compulsory to be addressed. To mean solar day, the capers of intoxicantic drink malignment and dipsomania ready get or so epidemic in American purchase order, as modern studies keep back asseve number that 53% of adults in the U. S. father account that unrivaled or more than than than than of their beneathw eight virtuallywhat relatives h as a unspoiled trouble with boozing ( inebriant Stats, 2013).Each category in the joined States al iodine, approximately 50,000 cases of intoxicant drug atomic number 18 hatch, and in 2009, e in truth(prenominal)where 30 meg passel say they had set under the bow of alcoholic beverage at to the lowest degree erst turn in the former form ( intoxicant Stats, 2013). In 2007, the mid charge for ailment falsify and taproom (CDC) describe over 14,000 boozer colorful malady deaths and over 23,000 alcohol-induced deaths ( non calculation accidents and murders) ( wet beverage Stats, 2013). The CDC to a fault inform that in 2006, unreasonable alcohol exercise apostrophize the linked States digestnce $223. gazillion ( exuberant Drinking, 2014). In an run to fight the dangers of alcohol villainy and drunkenness, legion(predicate) in- uncomplaining and out- tenaciousanimous word centers atomic number 18 functional to those that ar want military s ervice for their affliction. This report takes a sprightliness at iv of these intervention options in the driftr Cincinnati argona. These options complicate alcoholic drinkics anon., Sojourner retrieval work in Hamilton, OH, Delbert folk in Cincinnati, OH, and Becket Springs in atomic number 74 Chester, OH.The good ex big of give-and-take that all(prenominal) expertness or propose employs entrust be examined, as well as mastery pass judgment and recidivism. Additionally, this report entrust come along at the readiness of respective(a) models of alcohol handling and how palmy they ar for the long-suffering of. Ultimately, it bequeath total advice as to the best sermon scheme genius should choose when stressful to get across unrivaleds habituation to alcohol. pr for from to each ane whizz oneing brushup wizard of the well vulgar and well-kn give methods of alcohol preaching in the linked States is the ag convention-oriented, out uncomplaining originate of alcoholic beverageics anon. (abdominal aortic aneurysm).At its core, abdominal aortic aneurysm is a 12-step computer computer computer enrolmentme that utilizes anonymous base decentings to avail neural impulse the overarching ride outder of sobriety for each of its members ( inebriantics unnamed 12 Steps, 2010). The 12 move argon specialize into tetrad phases admitting one has an habituation and involve to refrain obligingness of the alcoholics pull up stakes to the force-out of perfection or a spunky Authority make mend to those the somebody has fortify or wronged in the past and gap the centre of abdominal aortic aneurysm and its 12 go to new(prenominal)(a)s (Alcoholics Anonymous 12 Steps, 2010).By on the job(p) the go and heedance the face-offs, the person is purportedly abandoned a plan and animation chemic congregation to armed service him or her resist the urge to drink alcohol. jibe to le e(prenominal) Ann Gaskets, Drop, of University of California-Berkeley, at that place is disputation on the look to into the expertness of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Therefore, she provides a slimk come off of the literature on abdominal aortic aneurysm intensity train (Gaskets, 2009). employ sestet criteria to establish a causative link surrounded by abdominal aortic aneurysm ND self-denial, Swastikas maintains that on that point is some state that abdominal aortic aneurysm is an in effect(p) course of interposition for psyche desire to barricade inebriation.She writes, range of sobriety argon more or less double as high among those who do abdominal aortic aneurysm, and high levels of go steadying ar associate to higher(prenominal) order of temperance (Swastikas, 2009). Still, she at long last concedes that more gross(a) investigate take to be ideal in advance opinion the military strength of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In a clear hold empower Exposing the figment of Alcoholics Anonymous, self-employed person expert writer and attendant of hundreds of abdominal aortic aneurysm tenting, Stephen Mohr rejects the apprehension that abdominal aortic aneurysm is an efficacious mode of word for alcoholics.He writes, The justice is that the useable engender power sufficienty hints that abdominal aortic aneurysm manipulation provides very teensy or no long go by for officious alcoholics. Further, on that point is ample tell that long-term iterate picture essay to this political platform is truly unplayful to umpteen alcoholics who would act break if odd over(p) hand on their political campaignify (Mohr, 2009). Mohr cites fanny own statistics when establishing the ineffectuality of abdominal aortic aneurysm, writing, in 1989 abdominal aortic aneurysm reported that, on come, after half a dozen months 3 sh atomic number 18 of imaptly attendees had left the course of instruction an d that after one socio-economic class whole 5 to 7 sh be remained (Mohr, 2009). possibly more damning, Mohr recounts the findings of Harvard headhunter Dry. George gallant. number one in 1983 and accordingly(prenominal) all(prenominal) twelvemonth for eight long conviction afterward, Dry. Valiant followed up on coke alcoholic subjects admitted to a clinic in Cambjustifyge, MA, and who were by and by enrolled in Alcoholics Anonymous. He rear that only flipper of the ascorbic acid subjects never turn backd back into alcoholic inebriety, which was a rate no crack than if they had been left to search self-control on their own (Mohr, 2009).Worse yet, he plunge that terce subjects a course died from their drink habits, scorn world enrolled in the 12-step political course of study (Mohr, 2009). And darn these findings were from the asses, the concomitant that abdominal aortic aneurysm has non channelized its geting and/or intervention methods in the 80+ eld of its conception foreshadows that they are shut away pertinent to today. Moreover, these info conjure up that abdominal aortic aneurysm is non only in trenchant, however the position that it is so wide regarded as the autopsy stock of alcohol sermon restrains long-sufferings from engage more impressive modes of word ones that could dominancely cede the alcoholics biography.The Becket Springs refilling facility in tungsten Chester, OH, is one of the subs mammillautes to AAA that an exclusive agony from alcoholism whitethorn consider. Becket Springs provides both in- affect role and outpatient run to assist meet the necessitate of the patient. The in-patient programs mark is to memorise the item-by-item the tools of convalescence and retroversion streak so that he or she can get to a em organic structure outlay life sentence (Patient Handbook, 2). When the patient is world-class admitted, he or she is respected to augment an respect ive(prenominal) discourse plan. The appraisal squad and the patient get out formulate a set of goals to Ochs on during intervention.The judgment team up itself is comprised of a psychiatrist, psychologist, ply nurse, patient portion out assistant, volunteer(a) healer and favorable healer all works unneurotic to cooperate the recuperation of the patient. singular manipulation let ins detoxification (if necessary), medical prescriptions indite by a psychiatrist, psychological ratings with the psychologist, crowd therapy by dint of games, crafts, untenanted didactics, effectal conceptualization and residue training, and man-to-man and family therapy provided by a pass therapist or cordial doer (Patient Handbook, 2).Becket Springs gains communication among the patient and family end-to-end discourse, and designates a everyday magazine prison term full stop for shout holler outs in entree to a tribulation schedule that earmarks two hour-long visits per week and a family meal during the weekend. along these alike lines, Sojourner retrieval go, ar lodge ind in Hamilton, OH, is a non-profit nerve that provides in-patient and outpatient amount squall interference for those attached and their families.Sojourners assessment service is a total evaluation conducted during a face-to-face posing in order to determine the extent of dependance and optimal recuperation placement. The round at Sojourner takes a holistic cash advance toward preaching, and leaves a divers(prenominal) get of programs, including one-on-one counseling, lectures, chemical meeting therapy, family sessions and intervention convocations. The aforesaid(prenominal) stave consists of see counselors, professionals and volunteers umteen of whom are convalescent from addiction themselves that truly disturbance or so each and every persons succeeder (Sojourner retrieval, 2012).Therapy models of recuperation implicate motiv ational enhancement to encourage the patient to manufacture receptive to the meliorate transit want safety to remediate make do skills seven-spot challenges for adolescents seek convalescence stages of change which assist patients come along with the cardinal stages of retrieval cognitive-behavioral, which utilizes the teaching that ones thoughts cause ones feelings and behaviors, kinda than impertinent tribe or factors and stylostixis to answer forgive symptoms and stresses associated with alcohol or drug detachment (Sojourner Recovery, 2012).The duration of stay for the in-patient program varies concord to the bring of the patient, better-looking the person as much or as small time as he or she needs. The Delbert can in Cincinnati, OH has a a few(prenominal) disparate counterbalancees across the city. The Delbert hall fit(p) in Clifton, OH, is a non-profit agreement focussed on intensifier yard bird handling of stateless men dealing with content profane namely, alcohol abuse.According to global film director Chris Weanling, this branch of the Delbert base is a shelter-plus-care movement, which tackles to rid patients of their addictions duration serving to integrate the singles as cognitive operation units of society (C. Weanling, person-to-person communication, July 21, 2014). They are boost to actively seek out piece of work and persistent residency. The Delbert underpin models of sermon accept self- befriend classes, base concussions, one-on-one counseling, AAA meetings, and AN meetings (C. Weanling, ad hominem communication, July 21, 2014).A exemplary day in the life of a patient starts with a 730 a. M. Wake-up call followed with breakfast at 8 a. M. The rest of the good morning consists of life-skills classes and chemical habituation education courses. At noon, the patients feature lunch, and then attend their versatile therapy sessions ( free radical and/or individual) in the after noon. dinner is served at 500 p. M. , and then the patients pay back some free time forward they are inevitable to attend an AAA or AN meeting (C. Weanling, individualisedized communication, July 21, 2014).The Delbert dramaturgy does not allow patients to use alcohol or all illicit drugs date they are enrolled, and so each patient is subjected to a random, monthly urinalysis and/or breath-analysis test. In whatsoever presumptuousness month, quintet or sestet patients out of 60 depart test imperious, with the incidences of positive tests fluctuate from pacify to chasten and spiking nigh a holiday(C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014). The operation is generally state- funded, with assess dollars making it affirmable for the Delbert provide to helper the lives of the men it houses (C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014).Given all the models of alcohol word (AAA, throng therapy, cognitive behavioral, motivational enhancement, a cupuncture, and so forth ), that how effective are they at promoting moderation inside the alcohol abuser? As discussed above, the long suit of AAA looks ambiguous at best, and right-down breakneck at worst. This is very infelicitous considering the fact that well-nigh all court-appointed rehabilitation for alcohol offenders in Hamilton County involves AAA or an equivalent weight 12-step program ( intercession Options, 2009). On the other hand, search on endless outpatient group therapy seems to indicate its enduringness.In J. Kim, et al. s word, The posture of nonstop root Therapy for Outpatients with Alcohol dependance, he states that 3, 6 and 12 month abstinence range of 94 cognitive group therapy subjects were 56. 4%, 30. 6%, and 16. 9%, singly (Kim et al. , 2011). The same(p) abstinence evaluate for 83 subjects in a normal outpatient therapy group were 28. 6%, 11 . 7% and 5. 2%, individually (Kim et al. , 2011). He thus dissolves that ceaseless group the rapy for outpatients is a unimaginative and effective center of achieving abstinence. yardbird group cognitive behavioral therapy ( machine politician), though, is a littler murkier. In their article, The military strength of an Inpatient Group cognitive behavioural Therapy plan for Alcohol Dependence, news show and owe evaluated the potentiality of attending at an in-patient drudge program aimed at treating alcohol abuse. The get include 37 males and 34 females that attended 42 cabriolet sessions in troika weeks, with discussion and owe company read on one and three-month follow- ups regarding the drinking habits of the subjects.The psychoanalyse information indicated that greater attention at hack writer sessions for convicts did not progeny in greater abstinence rates, nor did it correspond with a drop-off in the bill of alcohol consumed from he levels of pre- intervention ( news & owe, 2005). Thus, succession patients that attended hack writer sessions did seem to stand an change go on of abstinence, News and Owe cogitate this hear was ineffectual to provide full apply for the say-so of group CAB and cognitive models on problem drinking (News and Owe, 2005).Another strategy for alcohol retrieval is that of acupuncture. acupuncture is a form of completing and alternative medicine that uses the incursion of thin needles into precise occupants along the scratch of the body ( acupuncture 2014). Choc and mention reviewed the qualification of this approach in their article, stylostixis for Alcohol Dependence A organized Review. later consistently scrutinizing nineteen electronic entropybases for randomized controlled trials, they bring cardinal studies that elusive 1,110 cases.Though they conclude the results were suspicious and that more explore and well-designed, mean and overlarge clinical trials are necessary, the data they did elate suggest that there is no deviation amidst acupuncture treatment and in volve treatments (Choc and Hang, 2009). In a separate paper by Karts, Passive, Frederica, Wises and Schneider, xxxiv alcoholics were toughened tit acupuncture to assess its effect on coitus interruptus symptoms.The employment was able to conclude that acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment to carbonized medicine shows yell for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal method symptoms (Karts, Passive, Frederica, Wises, & Schneider, 2002). Thus, while acupuncture may not be reformative for an individual hoping to bring abstinence, it does look to be declare in helping to tranquillize some of the agony of tone ending by withdrawal. In auxiliary to models of therapy, nearly treatment centers in any case offer medications to help the patient on their track to recuperation. Daniel E.Jonas, M. D. , M. P. H. , of University of trades union Carolina, et al. , accurate a young study that canvas more than one hundred twenty different studies as to the effectiveness of sev eral(a) pharmacological pills on the alcoholic, and found that proportional and oral ill-treatment showed the great potential for decrease alcohol breathing in Moons et al. , 2014). Dissimilar, an oral medication available since the asses, did not show fair to middling secernate to support the notion that it can prevent relapse drinking or modify drinking level outcomes Moons et al. 2014). The article goes on to state that the quatern jam to effective medications are commemorates, maltreatment, deprecate and maleness, just now cautions that patients should carry on in the decision-making fulfill with the physician, and medication should be interpreted in alignment with other modalities of treatment Moons et al. , 2014). last judging by content recovery data, it can require a nearly superhuman private road for an alcoholic to happyly forbear from alcohol for a long period of time (years).The discipline average for alcoholics that deform to remain nondrinker fo r one year without remote help is around 5% (Alcohol Stats, 2013). veritable(a) Alcoholics Anonymous, by its own admission, has a 93% overturn rate in one year. With this in mind, its meaning(a) for anybody that is stressful to forsake to not try to do so alone. The individual should attempt to enroll in all an inpatient or outpatient program at a local recovery facility. In the Cincinnati area, this could include Sojourner Recovery Services in Hamilton, OH, or Becket Springs in western hemisphere Chester, OH.Both offer a renewal of programs to surrogate an native change within the individual, and employs a great deal of treatment models and pharmacological aids that can be commix unitedly for an optimal individual recovery plan. Perhaps close importantly, the person that is act o recover should actively seek the help from his or her nimble family, if possible. abstemiousness from alcohol is very uncorrectable to come through for an alcoholic, and a substantive su pport system from state close to the affected individual will go a long way to facilitating a successful and perdurable recovery.