Gillette Essay Example for Free

Gil permitte Essay1. Statement of issues/problems/opportunities (10%) Very briefly describe the organisations situation. Be indisputable to focus on the underlying issues / problems / opportunities and not symptoms. Do not just reiterate organisational facts. 2. Recommendations (40%) What should the organisation do? Provide a detailed description of the actions incumbent for the organisation to deal with the identified problems and opportunities. Be specific enough that a organisation could pick up your recommendations and act on them. 3. Justifications and analysis (50-60%) Provide a set of carefully realiseed arguments for why your recommendations are probably to be effective. Perform any type of analysis you like on facts obtained in developing your justifications. You fuck also draw on logic and experiences from materials in otherwise sessions or courses. The bottom line, however, is you must be logical, convincing, and exhaustively thorough.Case Study One Gillette Gil lette short letter price is falling from $64 in early 1999 to $24 in 2001. Market division for the profitable disposable razor sector declined about 5 percent while its competitor picked up. The sales declined three percent in 2000. The upstart CEO James Kilts joined Gillette in February 2001 and realized that the mart share of this high profit leeway strike off is dropping while debt increasing.There are underutilized harvestingion capacity which can help the company to save $350 gazillion management looking at short-term success where they stuff products to distribution channels where the supply is higher than demand and caused aged stocks to further abridge the relevant cost and solve stuck stocks he is considering brand advert and promotions (something that Gillette seldom do to maintain leadership status). He felt that support for the brand globally got sidelined in the rush for short term results. Better forecast should be impleted to control the budget and costing better found on the food market size and targeted market to penetrate. Lower raven debt. Assignment questions1. To what extent does Gillette rely on incremental innovation or leaps in technology with each product introduction? Gillette whitethorn goes after innovation too heavily where the product is technical and sophisticated. Consumers whitethorn not understand the complexity and value the high technical functions of the product that sells at a very premium price X% however more expensive than its preceeders. While it has ignored the value perceived of customers on shavers. The company should consider both factors internally and externally for strategic marketing. Including political factors, economic factors (rising inflation), company financial situation, as part of the pricing strategy.2. How successful has Gillette been with its trade-up pricing strategy and its great power to charge premium prices? Very successful. As the number of trade up is high.However, cost of a dvertising to quick customers should be much lower than new customers. antecedence advertising should be targeted to new market to increase market share, aside from maintaining brand gravel reinforce the brand in consumers. Message of advertisement is very much simple and sharp. However, focus of the ads is very much on product with arg umentative wording, such as the best, the only. The brand may need to focus on brand advertisement for reinforcement purpose and stabilize the market share over the long run.3. Should Gillette be concerned about the possible cannibalisation of the healthy sales of existing products by each new product launched? Yes. New products should target different market but should not cannibalise existing sales in long run. Different target market, e.g. more premium group where they are early adopters and enjoy premium brands As the company still sells old versions of shavers, it has even more reasons to target different products to different arget group t o increase market share.4. How global and integrated is Gillettes global marketing communications? Localised gist should be applied to synergy better with other countries as different countries have different cultural background, norms and etc Gillette has a broad coverage strategy in place today and its The best a man can get theme supports this broad coverage strategy. It serves consumers ranging from disposables to high end cartridge systems. Gillette has struggled in the gone when it has made attempts to add complementary goods to its offerings. Past attempts at this strategy were subsequently divested. We propose an alternative for phase 3 of the strategy. Rather than adding products that might not halt the value of a strong brand and image we propose that Gillette focus on areas of the world where they dont have strong market share. lacquer is an area specifically mentioned in the case. It is mentioned that Shick has a rootage mover advantage in Japan.Gillette has a very strong share of the market in the northmost Atlantic area. It has invested heavily in RD and is getting ready to invest more in advertising and adding plant capacity. Gillette should work to maintain its advantage in the northwards Atlantic through patent enforcement, new product innovation, and building on customers perceived benefits through advertising and delivery of superior products. Solidifying its leadership position in the North Atlantic, Gillette can then focus on other areas of the world. Rather than allowing Shick to imitate its new detector, Gillette can aggressively go after market share in other areas of the world.The marketing contend will be critical to capturing market share in other areas of the world. Gillette has the opportunity for a first mover play in Japan with Sensor. Marketing campaigns should be tailored to position Gillette uniquely in different parts of the world market. Rather than leaving for a consistency approach, Gillette should customize the m arketing campaigns to either strengthen its leadership position or establish itself as an innovator. The consistency approach to the marketing campaign as outlined in the case does not support this direction. Gillette might even consider launching Sensor in Japan or other parts of the world, followed quickly by a North Atlantic launch. A marketing campaign in Japan promoting first mover status with new technology could help capture increased market share.Gillette has made investments in developing the Sensor system. It now needs to ensure it is capturing appropriate levels of value based on what it can build in the way of perceived benefits to consumers through advertising and superior product. Building this benefit advantage in new and existing markets will allow Gillette to price at a point where it can capture more economic profit than it does today. The investment in plant, equipment, and inventory is a bet that needs to be made for this new product.It will be important for Gill ette to be able to deliver enough product to the market and let its competition know that it is dedicated to this production and to defend its patents. 5. Assess Gilletttes approach to womens shaving needs? Very manly design as the female designs looks very similar to the male wet shavers. Focuses on technical heavily where it may ignores the demand of consumers females are different from males during purchase decision and process. play along should penetrate female market, new and large market for the company to yield further profit from the same technology. Focus should be on female purchasing process and demand, e.g. color, demand, preference, etc. in order to maintain the position of leader in wet shaver market.Both male and female markets can be equally important. However, the company can leverage on the brand equity and value of its success on male wet shaver and hence reduce the cost of advertising advantage over other products. Penetration of female market should be eas ier, fast, to enjoy economies of scale at high profit margin ahead of other competitors. Should enhance on product packaging. Overall value to targeted consumers. Psychographic segmentation is concerned with identifying personality traits and distinguishing characteristics in groups of the population. Examples are young and outgoing (for the sale of new forms of music) or grey and conservative (for classical and 60s music). Pyschographic segmentation is clearly relevant to shaving patterns and behaviours. For example, busy well groomed people are likely to go for an upmarket shaving system.In order to fully penetrate market, older versions of the wet shavers on promotions. To capture middle market and mass market. At an affordable price. Commodity and mass market products. Should achieve both cost advantage differentiation. Didnt achieve cost advantage because there is underutilized production which may save $350 million According to the product lifecycle, it should allow higher quality at lower price Unit operation cost should go down during growth stageThe case points out that Gillettes competitors were quick to copy new products. Trac II was copied by the competition within five months and other product imitations appeared in 18 and seven months. Historically Gillette did not pursue patent enforcement because of antitrust challenges. This tactic needs to be re-thought. The RD spend needs to be defend to help Gillette retain its competitive advantage and its position as a technology leader.Gillette aggressively patented ideas during the Sensor development. Twenty-two different patents were applied for and obtained by end of 1988. Gillette has access to the patents as an isolating mechanism for building competitive advantage in the market. To protect the investment Gillette has made in the development of the Sensor system, it must leverage the isolating mechanism of the patents. By not pursuing the patents, Gillette maintains market share but does not inc rease market share. It is allowing consumers of the competitions products to stay with that brand versus switching to Gillettes products.Why would they switch if their brand will be coming with an imitation soon? Image, reputation, and credibility all are important to protecting the superior benefits of an experience good. By not protecting the patents, Gillette is not building the consumer view that it is providing superior products. Protecting the patents will also allow Gillette to further barricade the resource it has in technology. The equipment and plants are certainly not very mobile, but the people that developed the ideas and technology are very mobile. The patents may offer an advertising or marketing advantage the 22 patents help Gillette illustrate the innovations they have achieved with Sensor.Though being at the top, Gillette now deals with the problem of product innovation in a somewhat stagnant and mature shaving market and needs to find other ways to remain on top. The possible solutions relate to getting its competitors business, developing and expanding the womens market and further reducing the prices to reach more customers.

Time and Person Essay Example for Free

Time and Person EssayThere are people in my keep who hurl greatly influenced me into the soul I am today. The three people I chose were my mummy, dad, and my jockstrap. I chose these people because they have changed my carriage and made me a split individual. I chose my mom because she is one(a) of my role models and is always there for me every time I need help. She has a great influence in my life story because she keeps me into get into tip over and always encourages me to do my best. Another person I chose was my dad. I chose my dad because he is the one who gives me good advice and gives me the courage to stride for my best.The remnant person I chose was my friend because this person gives me great advice and is always there when I need support. This person teaches me to have fun I in life and to fuck everything I have. whole these people have influenced me into being the person I am today. 1. There are people in my life who have greatly influenced me into t he person I am today. The three people I chose were my mom, dad, and my friend. I chose these people because they have changed my life and made me a better person. I chose my mom because she is one of my role models and is always there for me every time I need help.She has a great influence in my life because she keeps me into getting into trouble and always encourages me to do my best. Another person I chose was my dad. I chose my dad because he is the one who gives me good advice and gives me the courage to stride for my best. The last person I chose was my friend because this person gives me great advice and is always there when I need support. This person teaches me to have fun I in life and to enjoy everything I have. All these people have influenced me into being the person I am today. 1.There are people in my life who have greatly influenced me into the person I am today. The three people I chose were my mom, dad, and my friend. I chose these people because they have changed my life and made me a better person. I chose my mom because she is one of my role models and is always there for me every time I need help. She has a great influence in my life because she keeps me into getting into trouble and always encourages me to do my best. Another person I chose was my dad. I chose my dad because he is the one who gives me good advice and gives me the courage to stride for my best.The last person I chose was my friend because this person gives me great advice and is always there when I need support. This person teaches me to have fun I in life and to enjoy everything I have. All these people have influenced me into being the person I am today. 1. There are people in my life who have greatly influenced me into the person I am today. The three people I chose were my mom, dad, and my friend. I chose these people because they have changed my life and made me a better person. I chose my mom because she is one of my role models and is always there for me every time I need help.She has a great influence in my life because she keeps me into getting into trouble and always encourages me to do my best. Another person I chose was my dad. I chose my dad because he is the one who gives me good advice and gives me the courage to stride for my best. The last person I chose was my friend because this person gives me great advice and is always there when I need support. This person teaches me to have fun I in life and to enjoy everything I have. All these people have influenced me into being the person I am today.

Consciousness In The Movement Of Existentialism Philosophy Essay

Consciousness In The Movement Of Existentialism Philosophy EssayThis paper aims to briefly write nearly the role of awareness in the try of existentialism. We will discuss primarily and briefly the respective existential preoccupations of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche to set the mood of our endeavour to which we will end by addressing in deeper detail into Sartres intent of consciousness and the denial of it, viz. bad faith. Sartre would be toughened more deeply because I hold that he is the culmination of existential movement.One great thing to note on Kierkegaard is his three stages of humankind, namely the aesthetic, ethical and religious stages. The first dickens stages, interestingly enough, respectively brings ab unwrap boredom and existential suffocation, which leads us to the favoured stage of Kierkegaard, the religious stage. This stage is achieved by a leap of faith, an acceptance of the finiteness of man when confronted by the reality of death. Whereas the first two ex ists distr comeed by the demands of their roles, the third star made a choice when confronted by a realization of the aspect of death. Kierkegaard existential bent is towards a realization of how feeble and insignificant the existence of man when confronted by the reality of death.Nietzsche is an other(a) brand of existentialism. A champion-hundred sixty turn from Kierkegaards position, he declared immortal is dead. Though not simply a metaphysical declaration, it tells us the milieu of Nietzsche is in, with its dying Christian morals and the momentum secular morality is gaining. His ushering of his t distri hardlyivelyings on the Over-man is a particular point I want to take note. The Over-man is whatsoeverone who realized his capacity to create outside the dictates of the norms of a given society. The concept of Will to Power is a more grave element than pressure for adaptation or survival. Will to power applies to all living things, suggesting that adaptation and the strug gle to survive is a secondary drive in the evolution of animals, less important than the desire to expand ones power. Nietzsche eventually took this concept further notwithstanding, and transformed the idea of matter as centres of force into matter as centres of will to power. Consciousness makes us understand this demand than either other life forms, and unlike other living things, maximize the world roughly us to accept power.As pointed earlier, consciousness of ones position in existence is the resolution of the existentialist drive. Consciousness of ones self is the source of freedom. Consciousness of the other limits it. But what is consciousness according to Sartre? All consciousness is the consciousness of something, following from Husserl. It is intentional and directive that goes beyond itself, to a transcending object. This is where the distinction of being-in-itself, or beings that are outside consciousness, arises away from beings-for-itself, or beings that are cons cious. But this consciousness is not the Ego of Descartes, since for Sartre the original consciousness is pre-reflective and non-personal. The I and Me does not come into existence until consciousness itself became the object of reflection.This distinction brings us into interesting and exciting ontological explorations. Since this position of understanding consciousness is fundamental in Sartre, we see that neither my get existence nor that of the other can be proved but that both are factual necessities which doubting these existence would collapse into solipsism. Consciousness also establishes the connection between the world and the Ego, neither creating each Other, it insures the active participation of the person in the world. Most importantly this consciousness infinitely overflows the Ego, and this relationship inadvertently is the foundation of bad faith.Bad faith is a lie to ones self. This self-deception is possible when the human being divides itself, one level or aspect concealing from the other what it in some sense knows. Sartre tells us that the consciousness with which we use to generally consider our objective surroundings, to experience phenomena, is a different degree from the consciousness of ourselves being conscious of these surroundings we call these two degrees as pre-reflective and reflective consciousness respectively. Despite the unity of a single consciousness, the paradox arises from the condition of its operation, the shift of degrees in how we are conscious. Sartrean bad faith finds its root when human beings are pre-reflectively aware of what they may not reflectively know, and they dismiss the pre-reflective awareness and hide under the reflective one. This is the twofold dividedness in human beings, of psychological science and ontology.Since for Sartre consciousness, especially the pre-reflective aspect of it, entails a consciousness of our separation from the world, something that Camus also echoes in his observations of th e absurd and this aspect gives us freedom. Freedom then is a product of us being aware. We are also always aware of this aspect in us, our consciousness always ultimately tells us that we are a being-for-itself. This capacity to alter these two levels of consciousness makes us interpret the factual limits of our objective situation as overwhelming in light of our reflective consciousness, but at the selfsame(prenominal) fourth dimension making us aware of alternatives beyond and around these limits because of our pre-reflective consciousness. Psychologically, the pre-reflective awareness that gives us this bad faith is the one that chooses to keep oneself in the dark about certain matters such as responsibility in our freedom. Meanwhile ontologically speaking, bad faith has its basis from the dividedness of the human existence that leads to an ambiguous mix of facticity and transcendence. We flee our badgering when transcendence collapse into our facticity and feel like automaton s with determined existence or when we dismiss our facticity into transcendence and be like a battered wife that still prays for his husband to change his ways.Since nothing prevents consciousness from making choices on its way of being, it fears this boundless freedom, this spontaneity, because it feels that it veers beyond freedom. This brings us anguish. The recognition of our capacity for freedom renders insurance in our pasts or our personality that will lead to usual patterns of conduct meaningless. A consciousness with bad faith wavers back and forth, demanding the privileges of a free consciousness, a being-for-itself, but escaping the responsibilities of having one, of having freedom, by imagining that one is protected in an already established Ego, of pretending to be just a being-in-itself, devoid of any responsibility for perfection. Habits, practices, objects and institutions are instances from where we relief valve our responsibilities, and maintain distractions from t hese responsibilities.Fundamentally, one cannot really escape responsibility by adopting any of external moral systems such as religion or politics, such blurb is still a choice and which one must take full responsibility for. Bad faith in an attempt to avoid the angst which accompanies the realization that our existence has no coherence except for what we ourselves create. Thus, bad faith comes from within us and is itself a choice a way that a person uses their freedom in order to avoid dealing with the consequences of that freedom because of the radial responsibility that those consequences entail. To show us better what he means, Sartre writes of a woman who has the choice of whether to go out on a date with an amorous suitor. In considering this choice, the woman knows that she will face more choices later on because she is quite aware of the mans intentions and desires, but chooses to cut off these possibilities in the hope she will not be answerable to how things will turn out.The need for choices is then heightened when, later, the man puts his hand on hers and caresses it. She can circulate her hand at that place and thereby encourage further advances, knowing full well where they ability lead. On the other hand, she can take her hand away, discourage his advances and by chance discouraging him from ever asking her out again. Both choices entail consequences which she must take responsibility for. Sartre declares that the woman is in bad faith and writes,And during this time the divorce of the body from the soul is accomplished the hand rests inert between the warm hands of her companion neither consenting nor resisting a thing.1The woman treated her hand merely as an object, rather than an extension of her self, and pretends that there is no choice and leaves it to the disposal of the moment. Perhaps she defends her posture because of the uncontrollable passion on her part, perhaps she will cite the presence of friendly pressure that force s her to comply and adapt a particular etiquette, or perhaps she merely pretends not to notice the mans actions and intentions. whatever the case, she acts as though she is not making any choices prior and during that moment that she was just floated by factors out of her reach and into that circumstance which is also out of her reach. Hence, with that brainpower in mind, she holds that she has no responsibility for the consequences that will arise. That woman, according to Sartre, means acting and living in bad faith, and concluding that by adapting bad faith one is free from responsibility, is the gravest and dangerous self-deception. One still is responsible even in such deception.The reason why bad faith is a problem is that it allows us to escape responsibility for our moral choices by treating humanity as the passive object of larger, organized forces whether it by our genetic make-up, the Will of God, emotional passions, social structures, etc. Sartre argued that we all ac t to shape our own destiny and as such, we need to accept and deal with the awesome responsibility this imposes upon us. It is not the case, humanity has the capacity of be involved in existence, and surrendering this capacity is a denial of ones humanity.For Sartre, one is the master of ones own project. In a world of consciousness, you are a painter with a blank canvass of reality, taking charge of what you paint and with what colour. But freedom is not absolute, as we are limited by our body, the things around us, i.e. being-in-itself, and by other people, i.e. hell is other people. The concept of beings-for-itself tells us that existence precedes content, so the dictum of Sartre goes. This is only meant that conscious beings determine their essence, their position in the plethora of existence, without anyone telling us in the first place where we meant to be. A fundamental claim in existentialist thought is that individuals are always free to make choices and guide their lives towards their own project, regardless of any circumstances even if it is overwhelming. The claim holds that individuals cannot escape their freedom, and surrendering ones freedom is still a matter of choice and one is responsible for the consequences and sufferings of pretending not being free. For instance, in our politics, even if a politician cheated the results of the election, or forced his will and seized the government, our reactions are always a matter of choice. Rebellion or compliance to name a few, are some of these choices, and to blest it in circumstances is an instance of bad faith. One must be held responsible for the choices one had made and not blame it in circumstances.Freedom then is not absolute, but rather a continuing flux of action, choices and responsibilities. Some quiver at the capacity and pretends not to have one, of being a being-in-itself, but those who accept relish in existence for itself and for other people. Freedom is a shared experience and resp onsibility, adjusting as ones consciousness flows with the contours of the objects around us and the other.Existence precedes essence, as Sartre famously coins and summarizes the underlying principle of existentialist projects before him. What he means by this is that determining of essence is not some static definition in the world of ideas, but rather always a possible realization only seen with action in the world of existence. marrow squash is determined by action. You do your essence by existing as such. Man is a rational animal, as essentialists would claim, then following their formula that essence precedes existence, we could see that whether they are actively rationalizing or not, they are still rational animals, but for Sartre this is not the case. One must rationalize and one must act with rationality, before one becomes and be receives the privileges given to a man. Surely it is strange to call a fool, who lacks rationality, or a murderous villain, which have rationalit y save savage, as human beings. It is also a deep injustice to give respect and privileges due to a man, on such beings, and further it is also a deep injustice of not holding them accountable of their actions since they hide under the notion of being a man.As a human being, a being-for-itself, one cannot claim our actions are determined by forces exterior to the self this is the core statement of existentialism. One is doomed to this eternal freedom because human beings exist before the definition of human identity exists, before one chooses what to be. One cannot define oneself as a thing in the world, as one has the freedom to be otherwise. One is not a philosopher, because at some point one ceases the activities that define the self as a philosopher. Any role that one might adopt to escape the responsibility and flux of invention and creation, does not define the self, because the self is, again, free and not constant it cannot be a thing in the world.Though one cannot assign a positive value to definitions that may apply to oneself, one remains able to say what one is not, one is outlined by what one is not. When men go about the world, they have expectations which are often not fulfilled. For example, Im meeting someone in a caf, but upon arriving he is not there where we thought we would meet him, so there is anegation, a void, a nothingness, in the place of the one Im expecting. When looking for my friend, his lack of being, there becomes a negation everything I see as I search the people and objects about him are not him.This inner anguish over moral indecision is a central underlying theme in existentialism, as the anguish demonstrates a personal feeling of responsibility over the choices one makes throughout life, whether it is to God or to ones self. Without an emphasis on personal choice, one may make use of an external moral system as a tool to interpret otherwise immoral acts, leading to negation of the self. According to existentialism, ded icated professionals of their respective moral codes should, instead of divesting the self of responsibility in the discharge of ones duties, be aware of ones own significance in the process. A doctor must not only memorize the oath, nor the procedure of medicine that is involved, but being in the process of mend he is recognizing the impact that he is doing and the weight of his responsibilities for every actions he commit.This recognition involves the questioning of the morality of all choices, taking responsibility for the consequences of ones own choice and whence a constant reappraisal of ones own and others ever-changing humanity. One must not exercise bad faith by denying the selfs freedom of choice and duty because such denial not only denies ones fundamental capacity and the betrayal of the self, it also gives us an illusion of complacency and stagnation, of pretension of being a being-in-itself. fetching on the burden of personal accountability in all situations is an i ntimidating proposition by pointing out the freedom of the individual, Sartre, together with the existentialists like Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, seeks to demonstrate the social roles and moral systems we adopt to hide us from being morally accountable for our actions. Every existentialist then challenges us to go out of these comfort and dead(a) forms of existence and exist as human beings by overcoming this tendency to surrender and seize our freedom and face the responsibilities and consequences it produces.

Analysis on Tristram Shandys Paradox

Analysis on Tristram shandygaffs ParadoxTristram shandygaffs ParadoxAccording to an Encyclopedia entry on NationMaster.com (2009) it is generally considered that the publications of Laurence Sternes The Life and popular opinion of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman had a dominant effect on literature of that time. Like his contemporary hold openrs, Sterne debated publicly upon the boundary between literature and philosophy, thats why his book is fill up with allusions and references to philosophers, critics and economizers of the 17th and 18th centuries namely Pope, Locke, and Swift. It seems that those leading thinkers influenced Sternes The Life and Opinion of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman immensely. For instance, sagacious Lockes screen Concerning Human Understanding (1690) contributed ideas and frameworks that Sterne explored throughout his novel, and thus showing his reservation with the science and philosophy of his dayPray, Sir, in all the reading which you commence ever read, did you ever read such a book as Lockes Essay upon the Human Understanding? Dont answer me rashlybecause many, I know, quote the book, who drive not read itand many have read it who ensure it notIf either of these is your case, as I write to instruct, I will tell you in three words what the book is. It is a history.A history of who? what? where? when? Dont hurry yourselfIt is a history-book, Sir, (which may perchance recommend it to the world) of what passes in a mans own mind and if you will say so much of the book, and no more, believe me, you will cut no miserable figure in a metaphysick circle. (Tristram Shandy, ch. 1 XXVII, p. 40)Many people believe that Sternes novelThe Life and Opinion of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman differs drastically from the contemporary literature of both(prenominal) Defoe and Richardson by his methods of narrative construction and exploration of the external world. Tristram Shandy is presented in the very act of creation and change by rejecting real ism, but examining inner states of consciousness. In addition, what sets Tristram Shandy a divide from its contemporary fiction is the use of language.It appears to me that this novel is an example of process writing to the moment where time is tied to and belongs to the protagonist. That kind of process writing in Lawrence Sternes novel, where the persona of author is trying despe set outly to write his autobiography, leads to one of the time conundrumes. It takes Tristram Shandy one year to record the events of a single day of his life. Tristram laments that, at this rate, he will never finish.I am this month one whole year older than I was this time twelve-month and having got, as you perceive, almost into the halfway of the fourth volumeand no farther than to my first eld daytis demonstrative that I have three hundred and sixty-four more old age to write just now, than when I first set out so that instead of advancing, as a common writer, in my work with what I have been doin g at iton the contrary, I am just thrown so many volumes backwas every day of my life to be as officious as thisAnd why not?and the transactions and opinions of it to take up as much descriptionAnd for what reason should they be cut short? at this rate I should just live 364 times faster than I should writeIt must follow, an please your worships, that the more I write, the more I shall have to writeand consequently, the more your worships read, the more your worships will have to read (Tristram Shandy, ch. 2 XVLIII, p. 126)In order to link Tristram Shandys writing process with time paradoxes, I will presently outline the background to Bertrand Russells theory. In his book The Principles of Mathematics,chapter XLIII on the philosophy of the numberless his analysis consists of the inquiry whether any contradiction can be engraft in the whimsey of infinite. In this specific chapter Russells crucial points are focused on the semantical and set-theoretical paradoxes or antinomies as he calls them. The twentieth century philosopher, Bertrand Russell claimed that if Tristram Shandy were amaranthine he would be able to finish his autobiography. Russells assertion that Tristram would be able to complete this seemingly impossible task is the source of the Tristram Shandy paradox. And thus Russell concludesTristram Shandy, as we know, took two years writing the history of the first two eld of his life, and lamented that, at this rate, material would accumulate faster than he could deal with it, so that he could never come to an end. Now I maintain that, if he had lived for ever, and not wearied of his task, then, even if his life had continued as eventfully as it began, no part of his biography would have remained unwritten. This paradox, which, as I shall show, is strictly correlative to the Achilles, may be called for convenience the Tristram Shandy. (Russell, p. 358)Russells theory consists of two powerful components in the Tristram Shandy paradoxthe number of days that Tristram lives and the number of days required writing close those days. The sum of those two quantities will logically give us the number of days Tristram needs to complete his autobiography. Assuming that Tristram were indeed immortal, then the number of days in his life would be infinite. If that were the case, the second quantity, the number of days it takes him to write about his life, would also be infinite as well as the sum of those two quantities. Thus we can conclude that, Tristram needs an infinite number of days to finish his autobiography. Given he were immortal, he would have an infinite number of days in which to write. Therefore, the key aspect of Russells descent is the capability of an immortal Tristram Shandy finishing his autobiography, since the number of days in his life is equivalent to the number of days required to write about his life as they are both infinite.As far as Russells argument is concerned, it is not totally accepted. Many of his crit ics contend that Tristram Shandy could not possibly finish his autobiography even if he were immortal. Again, assuming that it takes Tristram one year to record the events of one day of his life, then each day that Tristram lives adds a year to the time needed to complete his task, thus causing him to fall another year behind with each passing day. As a result, in this situation the amount of time needed for Tristram to write his autobiography is increasing faster than the amount of time he actually has in which to write. It would simply cause him to fall infinitely far behind. Hence, according to critics of Russells argument the immortality would not allow the protagonist, Tristram, to complete his task.I strongly believe that both arguments outlined above are consistent as well as logically valid due to the case of the Tristram Shandy paradox. Nevertheless bearing in mind the previous points it could be said that the paradox discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1901 suggested that a ctual infinity was not an issue to dismiss due to the uncertain nature of infinity. I suppose that Tristram Shandys paradox emphasizes the basic problem in acquiring to grips with infinity which has always been a remarkable enchantment for great philosophers and writers throughout history in its notion of unending space and distance, God and eternity, time and duration.To understand what time is aright, without which we never can comprehend infinity, insomuch as one is a portion of the otherwe ought seriously to sit down and consider what idea it is we have of duration, so as to give a satisfactory account how we came by it. What is that to any body? quoth my uncle Toby. (Vide Locke.) (Tristram Shandy, ch. 2 XI, p. 84)It is necessary to note that Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, provided a main key by introducing the terms actual infinite and potential infinite in an attempt to distinguish between the two. He strongly believed that the terminate or actual infinite could no t represent. While on the other hand, potential infinite might be represented as a seeming(a) in nature. There has been debate as to whether infinity is a reality or an idea. Rucker in his chapter 1 on Infinity helps us in characterizing it as follows Aristotle would say that the set of natural numbers is potentially infinite, since there is no largest natural number, but he would deny that the set is actually infinite, since it does not exist as one finished thing.(p. 3) Later on Rucker ends up suggesting that Aristotles belief is a doubtful distinction agreeing with Cantors opinion that in truth the potentially infinite has only a borrowed reality, insofar as a potentially infinite imagination always points towards a logically prior actually infinite concept whose existence it depends on.(p. 3) In other words an actual infinite is not like a potential one which is growing to the infinity as a limit, although giving a collection which is finite in time at every point.If this is the case that potential infinite is growing to the infinite limit then I do believe in its existence. But as far as completed infinite is concerned, my supposition will be negative. I jibe to the fact that actual infinite exists. The concept of actual infinite seems to me as an idea or a succession of ideas in our mind while the notion of potential infinite is represented by the future. Granted that Tristram Shandy wrote one day of his autobiography for 365 days then in general what this will suggest is the sum of the two equivalents which would be constantly finite but increasing to the infinity as a limit. Thus I assume that a central analysis of the Tristram Shandys paradox explained by Russell proves my suggestion that the narrator, Tristram Shandy, would never reach the completed or actual infinite. Hence he would never finish his autobiography.

Impact of Mobile Phone Technology

Impact of Mobile Ph iodine TechnologyModern TechnologyIn the past two decades, applied science has advanced and changed the room in which people relate within family ties and social groups. Research suggests that in the 1990s, mails and letters were the most used channels for long distance communication and the postal services were very essential in fulfilling this duty. At the moment, communication has evolved from the use of land lines fixed in peoples homes to alert calls carried allwhere to facilitate easy and restless communication. In this paper, the new possibilities unlocked by mod technology are examined and analyzed in an argumentative manner with close reference paid to mobile phones and communication.The mobile phone is a very interesting device that among tout ensemble emerging trends in technology has captured the broadest number of audience with a great percentage of people owning one in reference to Elliott et al (25). The services offered by the mobile phon e are so diverse from making of interpreter and video calls, sending text messages, to accessing social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp, and also taking pictures among many other functions. The rate at which this device has been embraced by consumers of all age has brought a controversial debate on its impacts and whether people are over relying on it.The debate majorly lies on the question of whether mobile phones pick out interpreted over real benevolentkind interaction and changed the manner in which people relate. A person with a mobile hand stripe can reach anyone they indigence to, despite of the geographical distance between them in an instant based on Elliot et al (85). Today, text messages and the WhatsApp application swallow revolutionized communication by enable people to chat and send each other pictures and videos with a lot of ease.The current multiplication enjoys all these services availed by the sophisticated technology and have a different exp erience from their parents and guardians who grew up in a different era. Take for instance, the manner in which people in the 1900s depended on newspapers for daily updates and every morning crowds of people could be seen grasping to make for a copy. A hundred age later in the 2000s, the difference is notable as one can easily witness a mobile phone in every persons hand at any time of the day, playacting different tasks with their device. In this controversial topic, there are two kinds of groups, those who would condemn the embracing of mobile phones and label them as an obsession while others label it as a essential and defend its presence. In my opinion, the mobile phone is world misused and overused.The percentage of people owning a mobile phone in the United States is approximated to be at 70% of the entire state with the rates continuously increasing in each year. The major users of these devices range in between the age of 16 years and 30 years while those above this ag e bracket having a lowered dependency on their phones despite owning one. The major functions performed using the mobile phones by this dominant group include WhatsApp chatting, taking of pictures, listening to music, playing games and accessing social media sites in the internet. According to research, individuals in the mentioned age group spend more than 50% of their time on the phone, and their subconscious brainiac is fixed on the functions they could be doing on their phones 75% of the time.It is practically impossible to separate some individuals from their mobile phones take for up at family gatherings and during outdoor activities as they remain engrossed in their handsets. This is the kind of attachment associated with the mobile phone as one of the most popular modern technology.The mobile phone is associated with the most amount of distraction based on psychological research which reveals how peoples brain responds to notifications from the phone. In most cases, peopl e have set a notification sound on their phones which alerts them in case of an incoming message or call. The notification sound takes a minds attention from whichever activity it was performing to first respond to the incoming message or call. The amount of time taken to achieve a similar level of focus by the mind after such distractions from the phone could be significant in conclusion of the ongoing activity and thus such distractions are obstructions to progress.In the case of world interactions, mobile phones have been constantly viewed as obstructions to how people relate. In the present times, it is common to find people during a face to face conversation frequently checking their mobile phones for communication with people in other parts of the world according to research from Siemens (42). The intrusion of mobile phones in human interaction is to the extent of family set ups where teenagers and kids with mobile phones carry their handset to the table during meals and rep eatedly get carried away from the rest of the family.It is such behaviors that cause parents and their kids to clash during family time as real family conversations cannot be addressed while the phones are at the table. The family bond is ruined and at times, the entire family is engrossed on their phones interacting with distant friends and ignoring family members. The vice in this act is that distant connections are nurtured at the expense of real purport relations where family values and bonds should be first in the priority from Turkle (135).The mobile phone was invented to ease communication and improve peoples relations nevertheless it can be said to be doing the exact opposite. The handset created a platform for people to interact, supersede information and more importantly socialize. These functions are in relation to the positive side of using a handset as it was intended to perform. The real life facts on the immediate effect of handsets on peoples relationship suggest that mobile phones are handicapful to couples relations. Technology is prevalent to introverted people who find encourage in inanimate interactions rather than personal relations.The admission of the social media technology in the mobile handset, therefore, has caused people in the modern world to become unsociable in real life. Interactions are based online and people are more comfortable relating on the Facebook and WhatsApp platforms in comparison to personal face to face relations. The banish impact on dating couples brought by the mobile phone is the stress placed on relationships due to a diversification of attention to the distant population rather than the ones nearby.The platforms introduced by social media with the mobile phone also ruin relationships by enabling couples to cheat on each other through these avenues. The internet is a hub of all possibilities, dating sites and hook up sites have been established to connect people who may intend to find new lovers onli ne. In this way, couples who intend to cheat are aided in this task by their mobile phones through the internet access. They are also able to hide these connections by erasing any evidence which may exist on their devices or by simply locking their phones with passwords and patterns availed in the handset during the infidelity process.Modern technology forces to make peoples lives convenient by introducing an easier way of doing things that is less stressful. A shift of attention from the mobile phone and its impacts on human relations suggests that the general incorporation of technology in individuals lives contributes to a significant percentage of laziness among people. Take a remote control for instance, it is meant to facilitate easy control of technological gadgets from distance and in the process it contributes to laziness. Research indicates that most people with remote controlled gadgets within their houses have less mobility and perform such tasks at the comfort of their seats denying themselves any carnal exercise.At the moment, kids have gadgets within their houses such as play stations which they use to play games after school. These indoor games have denied the kids in the current generation from engaging in outdoor activities and games which are skillful to their health. The importance of outdoor games has been lost due to technological games which slowly replace the visible aspect of tike growth. Playing outside is very healthy to the development of kids according to medical practitioners since it offers children the chance to exercise and also interact with each other. Take for instance, kids engaging in a game of baseball with a neighboring child of the same age, this fosters new friendships and improves their physical health as well as their social skills.The games play on technological devices are also very addictive and in some instances evil to the mind. Once a child begins playing the computer games, their minds get engaged with a sense of excitement which makes them to want to play it more. In this attachment, their brains can be harmed by an increased level of anxiety and loss of peacefulness when they reach this level of attachment.Technological advancements in the modern day have increased dependency on easy quick fix solutions for every human problem. The easy fix solutions to problems are beneficial to individuals who gain an easy way of performing stubborn functions such as cleaning among many other operations but the general result is ostracize. Take for instance, an introduction of a machine or robot which performs the task which used to be performed by a human being in the early days. The indirect result is that many people will be laid off in the process of easing a specific task through technological advancements of this kind.Modification is a superb inclusion in the modern technological world but too frequently embracing of technology in every service is detrimental to the jobs of some human beings. When technology is embraced in every sector, it solves some problems as it creates others. The ultimate aim of human beings is to fix their problems and not to transfer them to another field. Technology in this case offers new ventures for human beings to explore while directing them to new challenges as suggested earlier.Take the practical example of the introduction of plantation harvesting machines within a society that depends on agricultural labor as their main tooth root of employment. The owner of the plantation enjoys a reduced labor cost solving one problem while the people of the society risk losing their jobs due to the introduction of a technological solution to their work place. The level of unemployment in such an area will definitely rise as the machine eliminates the need for physical labor. Technological solutions in such a case will solve one problem and create another one.Modern technology is creating more harm than good in other areas where their complex ity is too high for all humans expected to utilize its services. There is a close difference between the ways in which modern technology should be applied and how human beings without the necessary knowledge apply it. Utilization of chemical fertilizers is an additional modern technology aimed at improving the manner in which people farm and the products grown from the farms. In the process of applying fertilizers, heavy chemicals used in its preparation require an certain procedure of application that will not be harmful to the soil or the crops themselves based on Elimelech and William (712).The wrong use of these fertilizers is the reason some crops have become extinct while the soils lose their productivity after a period of application. The inability of some farmers to follow the application instructions is responsible for the environmental degradation being experienced. The soil loses its natural fertility and is unable to sustain the growth of crops as it is required. In the long run, continued application of chemical fertilizers could jumper cable to soil poisoning which eventually harms the health of other living organisms such as animals and even human beings.The modality on the other hand has been on the negative end of technology as pollution from companies with mechanical advancements is a common aspect in the modern world. These machines require a source of kindle to run them and in the process of operation, some produce smokes known to be harmful to the earths atmosphere. Mechanization in this essence brings a negative impact to the climate and as humans embraces its operations in their daily routines the world climate suffers the most.It would be wrong to label modern technology as a fiend in the current society due to human beings obsession and wrong use of the inventions brought to them. The reliance placed by human beings is the part where vices are created and modern technology produces negative results that were not expected in the st art. For instance, the mobile phones inclusion in the modern world can be a very beneficial tool in the society with its capability to connect people even in different localities. The vices of the use of mobile phones appear when people get given over to their phones and in the long run misuse them losing sight of real life connections in reference to Elliott et al (113).According to research from Bertot et al (30), addictions are harmful to ones mental and emotional health as signs of anxiety and restlessness appear when people are detached from their items of comfort such as mobile phones. good deal who are used to carrying their phones everywhere display a sense of stress when they forget them at home and at times compare the feeling to being naked. In terms of couples, this may be due to insecurities of what ones lover might discover in their phones during their absence. The stress associated with the mobile phone in this case becomes negative and this solidifies the argument that modern technology should be limited according to Ayyagari et al (831).The solution to this kind of dependency on modern technology lies in commutation of the gadgets with other physical activities which can shift ones focus to social events and interactions. The elimination of modern technology in this century is an attempt close to impossible but limitation of time spent on ones devices, and restriction of how people apply mechanization in all their daily routines.ReferencesBertot, John Carlo, Paul T. Jaeger, and Derek Hansen. The impact of polices on government social media usage Issues, challenges, and recommendations. Government information quarterly 29.1 (2012) 30-40.Elliott, Anthony, and John Urry. Mobile lives. Routledge, 2010.Siemens, George. Connectivism A learning theory for the digital age. (2014).Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together wherefore We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York, NY Basic Books, 2011. Print.Elimelech, Menachem, and William A . Phillip. The future of seawater desalination energy, technology, and the environment. science 333.6043 (2011) 712-717.Ayyagari, Ramakrishna, Varun Grover, and Russell Purvis. Technostress technological antecedents and implications. MIS quarterly 35.4 (2011) 831-858.

The Koppen Climate Classification and its Purpose :: Climatology

What is climatology? How does it differ from weather? Describe the KoppenClimate potpourri and its purpose.Climatology is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the several branches of physical geography, butit differs from weather in several ways. The term climate implies an average,or long term record of weather conditions at a certain region. It conveys ageneralization of all the recorded weather observations in a given(p) area.Weather conditions are recorded in specifics for any given moment in timethe temperature, percentage of rainfall, and percentage of humidity. Climateon the other hand, is described in more general terms. Humid Equatorialclimates, alter climates, and Cold Polar climates are marked by certainprevailing characteristics that can be mapped such as continuous snow or deserts. oneness of the most popular classification systems is the Koppen ClimateClassification system, which gives different climates three letters thatdescribe that climate. The Koppen Climate Classi fication system iscomparatively simple and is found on a triad of letter symbols. The first(capital) letter is the critical one the A climates are humid and tropicalthe B climates are very dry the C climates are humid and mild the Dclimates reflect increasing cold and the E climates mark the polar areas.The first letter is followed by two more letters that further define the climateof that region. The second letter represents and explains the dry seasonwhether there is or isnt a dry season, whether it is a short or long dryseason, and what season it comes in either a dry winter or a dry summer. Thethird letter defines the temperature of different seasons either a hot or coolsummer or a cold or warm winter.The purpose of the Koppen Climate Classification system is to assist in

malcolm x Essay -- essays research papers

Malcolm X Malcolm was born on May 19, 1925 in an Omaha hospital. He was born into a world of hatred and effect toward his kind, and from he was little, he knew that he would die in a similar manner. Malcolms father who was a large black man was a Baptist Minister. though he and his family on many occasions were threatened by members of the Black legion and the Ku Klux Klan, that if he did not stop starting preaching of Marcus Garvey, that they would kill him. Malcolms father was not a s keepingd man, and he continued to preach. Ever since Malcolm was little, he never had much respect for the Christian religion or the following of it. One of Malcolms earliest memories was an afternoon in 1921 when he had seen his mother and father fighting. In a fit of rage Earl stormed off, and was never seen alive by the members of the Little family again. Members of the Black Legion murdered him. Malcolms mother was a strong woman, and refused to give up her children, and though they were poor, she attempted to support the large fatherless family without the charity of others. Because a white man rapped Malcolms mothers mother, Malcolms mother had a Very light complexion that was easily mistake for white. Though Malcolms mother hated every drop of white blood in her, she was thankful that it made it that much easier to get jobs doing things Negroes normally wouldnt be trusted to do. But it seemed every time things were going well, an employer of nosey neighbor, would see widow Little with one or more of her black children, and would be fired. Malcolm because of his hunger, and the poverty his family was stricken with became a juvenile delinquent. He began stealing foods from stands, and going about other less than legitimate ways of feeding himself. The defer became aware of the Littles financial problems, and though Ms. Little didnt want to accept, was put on welfare. They were constantly under the surveillance of the state people, and when the stress became too much fo r Malcolms mother to deal with alone, and she began to have a nervous break pop, she was quickly put into Kalamazoo. Malcolm due to his delinquent habits that had been observed while he was under the care of his mother, and his expulsion from regular school, was to be put into a reform school. Before Malcolm was to attend the reform school. He was to attend a Detention home in Mason. This detent... ...and he changed his last name to X signifying that it was unknown. Malcolm along with being a Minster became a civil rights leader. But he differed from other civil rights leaders in the sense that he didnt want to integrate the black man into that white mans society, but he rather wanted to liberate the black man. If he could not accomplish this he would want to separate not segregate, but completely separate from the white mans society. He felt that the white man was the devil. He was a great man, and it was a real shame when he was assassinated. He was a great man, and I think that his autobiography affected me like no other book has. He led an amazing life, and in some aspects I can relate to him. I liked most about this story, that no one he had known when he was younger would have guessed he would be so successful. And I would have found it interesting, if Malcolm had been able to track down that English teacher of his, and to find out from him what he tough of him then. This book was very well written, and I recommend it to any and everyone. Despite race sexual activity or religious beliefs, this is an amazing book, and is hard to put down. bibliograpy encarta, britannica